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  "documentTitle": "Education: Mega Trends and Opportunities in Africa",
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      "text": "The last five years of education and economics research in Africa demonstrate that there are a range of promising ways to continue to expand access to schools and to improve their quality.",
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      "text": "In Uganda, a program randomized which private secondary schools participated in the public-private partnership and so documented the impact on private school performance (Barrera-Osorio et al. 2020).",
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      "text": "The last few years have provided several long-term studies on the elimination of primary school fees, showing positive results on later life outcomes, and a new generation of studies on reducing fees for secondary school similarly show gains both in access and in increased employment and reduced early fertility. Of course, the first step of constructing schools in places where there are no schools is likely an essential condition for further educational investments.",
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      "text": "As evidence on inputs – including education technology inputs – grows on the continent, its track record is decidedly mixed. Technology proves effective in some cases and not in others, reflecting the education technology findings in high-income countries and the fact that technology is a means to an end rather than an end in itself (Bulman and Fairlie 2016). Public-private partnerships likewise are proving no panacea to education systems in Africa.",
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      "text": "The private school and other non-government school evaluation literature is still nascent in Africa. While there is no compelling evidence that private schools or private management of schools deliver more learning than public schools, the revealed preference of many parents and demonstrated improvement in private schools suggests merit in continuing to examine the issue.",
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      "text": "The last five years of education and economics research in Africa demonstrate that there are a range of promising ways to continue to expand access to schools and to improve their quality. Earlier reviews of the evidence had little examination of mother tongue instruction programs and inconsistent coverage of structured pedagogy programs, both of which show sizeable impacts on learning. Likewise, a range of teacher policies show promising results, including teacher pay-for-performance programs at the primary level but also non-remunerative interventions, such as teacher coaching and training teaching assistants. School feeding programs appear to be beneficial for both access and learning outcomes.",
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      "text": "Non-profit school providers are another option, especially in the context of extreme poverty and poor state provision of schooling. In Guinea-Bissau, a non-profit randomly selected villages to provide four-year primary schools to substitute for existing government education (Fazzio et al. 2020).",
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      "text": "6.1 What we learn",
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