{ "docId": "019dd923-5de0-76bd-a168-a3737f540343", "docSlug": "d791b7fba79d000b", "documentTitle": "Education: Mega Trends and Opportunities in Africa", "authorId": "LEK", "authorName": "Center for Global Development", "documentKindSlug": "consulting-deck", "documentKindLabel": "Consulting deck", "sourceTypeSlug": "strategy_consulting", "sourceTypeLabel": "Strategy consulting", "presentationDate": null, "orientation": "portrait", "aspectRatio": 0.773, "pageNumber": 12, "pageCount": 101, "prevPage": 11, "nextPage": 13, "slideType": "appendix", "function": "summarize", "density": "overcrowded", "nDataPoints": 0, "notes": "This appears to be a page from a report or academic paper, not a standard consulting deck slide.", "elementsJson": [ "paragraph" ], "metadataConfidence": 0.9, "imagePath": null, "slideHref": "/slides/019dd923-5de0-76bd-a168-a3737f540343/12", "deckHref": "/decks/019dd923-5de0-76bd-a168-a3737f540343", "deckJsonHref": "/decks/019dd923-5de0-76bd-a168-a3737f540343.json", "deckAnchorHref": "/decks/019dd923-5de0-76bd-a168-a3737f540343#slide-12", "components": [ { "bbox": { "h": 0.15, "w": 0.66, "x": 0.17, "y": 0.44 }, "kind": "paragraph", "text": "A combination of training principals and teachers as well as mentoring for teachers and new instructional materials was effective in boosting literacy in Uganda but not in Kenya, potentially because the language of testing was different from the language used in instruction in Kenya, despite national policy (Lucas et al., 2014). Brunette et al. (2019), already discussed in the context of mother tongue instruction, evaluated a program that not only encouraged mother tongue instruction in 12 different mother tongue languages but also provided teacher training, detailed teachers' guides, textbooks for pupils, and feedback from school leaders, resulting in sizeable literacy gains.", "attrs": null, "subkind": "paragraph", "toolName": null, "toolSlug": null, "confidence": null, "componentId": "188cfc83-fac9-4ae0-a8a7-c72b9038e067", "frameworkName": null, "frameworkSlug": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.05, "w": 0.66, "x": 0.17, "y": 0.09 }, "kind": "paragraph", "text": "Finally, there is some evidence of impact beyond literacy. In Ethiopia, where mother tongue instruction reforms took place in 1994, researchers have identified long-term impacts on educational attainment and civic engagement (Ramachandran, 2017; Seid, 2017).", "attrs": null, "subkind": "paragraph", "toolName": null, "toolSlug": null, "confidence": null, "componentId": "2409ef33-1dd1-4e4d-b239-66e3e6c1ee22", "frameworkName": null, "frameworkSlug": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.13, "w": 0.66, "x": 0.17, "y": 0.79 }, "kind": "paragraph", "text": "Because teachers play such an instrumental role in students' education, recent evidence on high rates of absenteeism and low levels of pedagogical and content knowledge suggest that better teacher policies may be useful to boost education outcomes (Bold et al., 2017; Mbiti, 2016). There is no general pattern in the level of teacher pay relative to comparable professions across Africa (Evans et al., 2020). There is evidence of a premium to civil service teachers relative to private school teachers (Barton et al. 2017). A new generation of evidence has arisen on bonus payments for teachers based on student performance. Earlier", "attrs": null, "subkind": "paragraph", "toolName": null, "toolSlug": null, "confidence": null, "componentId": "7cd3876e-3af3-427d-a850-715cc8cfe717", "frameworkName": null, "frameworkSlug": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.25, "w": 0.66, "x": 0.17, "y": 0.19 }, "kind": "paragraph", "text": "Recent years have also shown growing rigorous evidence for approaches to improve literacy that incorporate a range of elements (see Appendix Table 4). Piper et al. (2014 and 2015) used a randomized controlled trial to evaluate a literacy program in Kenya that included teacher professional development, the provision of textbooks for students (including textbooks in Kiswahili), the provision of structured teacher guides for teachers, and classroom observation and feedback to teachers, among other elements. The program led to sizeable literacy gains. Seeking to isolate the most important elements of the program, Piper et al. (2018b) find that structured teacher guides are the most cost-effective element of the program. The program was effective at boosting literacy for low-income students (Piper et al., 2015). The program was subsequently scaled up nationally and continued to demonstrate literacy gains (Piper et al., 2018a). Similarly, a mathematics-focused version of the program provided teacher guides and teacher professional development training and yielded statistically significant improvements in test scores (Piper et al. 2016a).", "attrs": null, "subkind": "paragraph", "toolName": null, "toolSlug": null, "confidence": null, "componentId": "e5e6412a-cf95-447a-bec9-9bf1cdcfd965", "frameworkName": null, "frameworkSlug": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.09, "w": 0.66, "x": 0.17, "y": 0.59 }, "kind": "paragraph", "text": "Beyond these literacy interventions, many interventions seek to improve the quality of teaching particular skills using a particular method, such as using graphics (like Venn diagrams) in teaching to improve prose comprehension among secondary school students in Nigeria (Uba et al., 2017). These studies are of value mostly to others seeking to improve the teaching of these specific skills; as such, they are summarized in the appendix but not discussed at length here.", "attrs": null, "subkind": "paragraph", "toolName": null, "toolSlug": null, "confidence": null, "componentId": "fc623aa1-3317-4877-a3a1-f3443d791b17", "frameworkName": null, "frameworkSlug": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.02, "w": 0.18, "x": 0.17, "y": 0.16 }, "kind": "title", "text": "Structured pedagogy", "attrs": null, "subkind": "headline", "toolName": null, "toolSlug": null, "confidence": null, "componentId": "92fe8d8c-dfe0-4b0e-838c-0694cf0f5338", "frameworkName": null, "frameworkSlug": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.02, "w": 0.14, "x": 0.17, "y": 0.72 }, "kind": "title", "text": "Teacher policies", "attrs": null, "subkind": "headline", "toolName": null, "toolSlug": null, "confidence": null, "componentId": "a6cbec37-2a13-40a2-a8a5-931a03d5fac9", "frameworkName": null, "frameworkSlug": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.02, "w": 0.28, "x": 0.17, "y": 0.75 }, "kind": "title", "text": "Teacher remuneration and accountability", "attrs": null, "subkind": "subtitle", "toolName": null, "toolSlug": null, "confidence": null, "componentId": "4b1734e7-2c07-4608-9b73-ce556183021f", "frameworkName": null, "frameworkSlug": null } ], "metrics": [], "tools": [ { "name": "List presentation", "slug": "list-presentation", "agent": null, "layer": "slide", "matchId": "8131d7a0-5b4e-4aa9-9b22-078f0628bff1", "evidence": "Recent years have also shown growing rigorous evidence for approaches to improve literacy that incorporate a range of elements (see Appendix Table 4).", "confidence": 0.6 } ], "frameworks": [], "arcBeats": [ { "to": 24, "from": 6, "beatId": "c5b8f4ec-2ddd-4073-8d6a-63f019ccbfbd", "arcName": "The Consultant's Gambit", "arcSlug": "consultants-gambit", "beatName": "Problem & Complication", "beatSlug": "consultants-gambit-problem-complication", "evidence": "The document's analysis of challenges in education in Africa, including low learning outcomes and access issues.", "position": 1, "confidence": 0.8, "parentBeatName": "Complication", "parentBeatSlug": "complication" } ], "loops": [ { "to": 20, "from": 10, "name": "Cost Of Inaction", "slug": "27-cost-of-inaction", "bestFor": "Urgent budget requests, compliance, risk mitigation", "matchId": "e791d344-6621-4b92-836c-ada67d6abf52", "evidence": "The document's discussion of the costs of inaction in education, including foregone economic opportunities.", "position": 0, "objective": "Highlighting the consequences of not addressing education challenges in Africa", "structure": "The Status Quo -> The Hidden Costs Accumulating -> The Future State of Inaction -> The Tipping Point", "confidence": 0.6, "description": "Quantify what happens if the audience does nothing" } ], "imagePathAlt": null, "thumbSrc": null, "thumbSrcAlt": null, "locked": true }