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  "documentTitle": "Hydrogen: Closing the cost gap",
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      "text": "Closing the cost gap for clean hydrogen: key actions",
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      "text": "The following key measures could be critical to unlocking this demand and bridging the cost gap with conventional alternatives: (i) effective implementation of existing policy measures in the EU, US, Japan and South Korea; (ii) expansion of midstream infrastructure to enable low-carbon supply for existing use cases; and (iii) net-new infrastructure deployment combined with measures to address the cost gap with higher-emission alternatives for new end uses.",
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      "text": "In a <2°C warming scenario, ~34 Mt p.a. of total demand for hydrogen and derivatives could materialize across the EU, East Asia, and the US by 2030, of which ~8 Mt p.a. could already carry a policy-supported business case for clean hydrogen.",
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      "text": "Around 75% is concentrated in established use cases (e.g., refining, ammonia), while initial adoption in new sectors (e.g., maritime and aviation) makes up the remaining 25%.",
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      "text": "Three pockets of demand could be unlocked with varying policy and infrastructure advancement covering energy-intensive sectors (refining, chemicals, power generation) and transport (trucking, aviation, maritime) across these regions.",
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      "text": "Decarbonizing the full volume would equate to ~250 MtCO2e in annual abatement, equaling a quarter of Japan's total annual emissions or the total annual carbon footprint of Spain.",
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      "text": "Demand for clean hydrogen and its derivatives has taken center stage for decision-makers in industry and government over the past years, where a focus has been on project bankability and catalyzing supply chain development...",
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      "text": "1. For detail as of October 2024, see Hydrogen Council: Hydrogen Insights 2024\n2. Analysis tied to McKinsey Global Energy Perspective 2024 Sustainable Transformation scenario with adoption of MEPC 80 guidance assumed for maritime demand\n3. Includes demand across all hydrogen pathways\n4. 2022 emissions data as per Worldometer\n5. Includes policies announced as of January 2025 and does not preemptively consider potential policy changes",
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