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  "documentTitle": "Developing sustainable carbon circularity Looking at advanced applications and business models",
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      "text": "In China, biomass is used to produce heat and power in rural areas to replace natural gas. Biomethane production through biomass upgrading or biomass gasification is forecasted to play a rising role in the decarbonization of the power and transport sectors. This small-scale application with low investment cost is rapidly growing in developing countries or rural areas such as seen in China. The use of biomethane significantly reduces the GHG emissions compared to fossil fuels and its development is facilitated by its compatibility with existing natural gas infrastructures.",
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      "text": "Bio jet fuels, chemically like conventional jet fuels, are promising and developed in the US. Bio jet fuels are heavy liquid hydrocarbons produced from biomass. They are advanced liquid biofuels which have not reached maturity yet and require technically challenging production processes. Thus they are mostly investigated in developed countries such as the US with the target of decarbonizing the aviation and shipping sector in a long-term perspective. Their production is mostly based on hydrotreatment of waste fats or vegetables or gasification and upgrading with a very wide range of possible feedstocks. Overall, these biomass applications are not cost-competitive yet and need policy support.",
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      "text": "Renewable diesel is produced in the US to decarbonize the transport sector in the short term. Renewable diesel is a liquid hydrocarbon chemically equivalent to its petroleum counterpart. It can be produced from biomass through oil upgrading (similar to petrochemistry processes) or gasification and upgrading. Its production is not competitive yet but has better penetration as a blend than bio jet fuels.",
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      "text": "In the UK, waste to energy emerged as a waste management solution to replace landfill disposal. This solution, combined with recycling, is an efficient way to revalorize waste and minimize the environmental impact of its disposal. Its share of the waste market is increasing (by 3% between 2018 and 2019) and large new projects are in development in the UK. Energy from waste consists of thermal treatments such as incineration or pyrolysis to reduce waste volume and produce sustainable energy from the organic fraction of MSW.",
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      "text": "Co-firing biomass in cement kilns to decarbonize cement industry",
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      "text": "Source: Kearney Energy Transition Institute",
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      "text": "Biomass to energy has successful applications in buildings and hard-to-decarbonize transport industries",
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