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  "documentTitle": "Developing sustainable carbon circularity Looking at advanced applications and business models",
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      "text": "Biomass-to-bioenergy value chain economic development relies on five interconnected drivers.",
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      "text": "Regulation drives the biomass market supply and the bioenergy demand (volume and price effect) through five dimensions that are unequally advanced between countries: waste management regulations, decarbonization targets and blending mandates, land use and planning regulations, fiscal incentives and government subsidies, and other sustainability policies.",
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      "text": "Feedstock supply determines the energetic potential of the bioenergy (volume effect); shapes the biomass-to-bioenergy value chain, in other words the pathway for processing biomass (mix effect); and is a key driver for biofuel quality/cost competitiveness (price effect). Bioenergy supply is genuinely linked to primary land demand since it relies on food and wood consumption patterns (biomass residues collected as by-product throughout food or wood supply-consumption chain). It is also linked with land utilization (primary biomass is directly grown from farmland or forest). Besides, each feedstock has its own drivers, linked to local and sustainable constraints that can affect price and volume of supply available and alternative uses of feedstocks act as competition for supply and will drive prices up.",
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      "text": "Substitutability drives market positioning for biofuels and depends on the penetration of alternative renewable energies. Biomass usage should focus on market segments without other sustainable alternatives and where storable energies are valued in order to get the most of its competitive advantage. As such, it should avoid substitution with competitive energies: renewable diesel in truck and shipping industries, bio jet fuel in aviation, biomethane in power generation.",
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      "text": "Biomass-to-bioenergy value chain economic development relies on five interconnected drivers. Five drivers are often defined at country or even local scale and can act as levers to activate in order to improve market environment.",
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      "text": "Process economics drive bioenergy cost competitiveness (price effect) with sustainable options (biomass-to-power is competitive with fossil fuels in some regions, but wind and solar prices are expected to reduce further and biomass-to-biofuel/gas is likely to remain more expensive than fossil fuels)—opportunity driven by country regulation.",
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      "text": "Infrastructure maturity determines feasibility and risks associated with bioenergy projects which affects the entire value chain (barrier to entry) as well as its rentability (price effects).",
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      "text": "Source: Kearney Energy Transition Institute",
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      "text": "Local conditions such as regulations and existing infrastructures are key to successful bioenergy development",
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