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  "documentTitle": "RAIL FREIGHT IN CENTRAL ASIA AND MIDDLE EAST",
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      "text": "1. Caspian Sea shipping service limitations – Port closures, small vessel sizes, lack of scheduled services and high shipping rates\n2. Strong competitiveness of North Corridor transit reducing attractiveness of developing and investing in Middle/South Corridor for KAZ operators\n3. Potential capacity constraints from increase in transport volumes to Caspian Sea facing an ageing rolling stock fleet and critical single track/non-electrified track sections\n4. High level of debt for national railway operator KTZ, possibly reducing capability to finance major infrastructure/rolling stock fleet modernization projects\n5. Regulatory framework not yet suited to support level playing field competition between private and public operators (e.g., unclear responsibilities, imbalanced charges)",
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      "text": "Source: Expert interviews, Press research, Roland Berger",
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      "text": "Kazakhstan key rail freight bottlenecks",
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