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  "documentTitle": "RAIL FREIGHT IN CENTRAL ASIA AND MIDDLE EAST",
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      "text": "Iran flag icon",
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      "text": "1. Sanctions on Iranian economy by EU and USA and political conflicts with TUR and AZE preventing integration of IRN rail network in southern corridors\n2. Lack of consignment harmonization and limited track gauge change capacities at TKM border, Sarakh only functioning crossing (single track, non-electrified)\n3. Financing and political support missing for key infrastructure projects, e.g., Rasht-Astara link and full operationalization of Incheboroun crossing\n4. Terminal capacity bottleneck at TUR border crossing and unreliable Van Lake ferry crossing critically increase transit times for South Corridor\n5. Large infrastructure modernization investments required, yet lower trade and transit volume via Iran due to sanctions make financing questionable",
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      "text": "Source: Expert interviews, Press research, Roland Berger",
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      "text": "Sanctions prevent integration of IRN in corridor services, regional cooperation limited",
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      "text": "Iran key rail freight bottlenecks",
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