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  "documentTitle": "RAIL FREIGHT IN CENTRAL ASIA AND MIDDLE EAST",
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      "text": "1. Inland rail terminals are old and lack infrastructure to serve long trains, mountainous geography requires time-consuming wagon transport resulting in high charges and low throughput at transit terminals\n2. Service quality and reliability for Black Sea ports limited, capacity constraints expected if volumes increase further due to lack of deep see port, comparatively high charges for ferry and port handling\n3. Limited wagon availability and quality, existing fleet not equipped to meet specialized needs of shippers, time-consuming track gauge change at Turkish border\n4. Pressure on prices from expanding road transport network – Abundantly available fleet of trucks with cheaper shipping rates for regional routes, e.g., to TUR\n5. Insufficient harmonization of pricing schemes, customs and consignment procedures between GEO, AZE, and Caspian Sea/Black Sea partner countries",
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      "text": "Increasing capacity and service quality at inland and port terminals is key for rail freight in GEO",
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      "text": "Georgia key rail freight bottlenecks",
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