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  "documentTitle": "RAIL FREIGHT IN CENTRAL ASIA AND MIDDLE EAST",
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      "text": "1. High need for infrastructure modernization, ageing terminals and rolling stock, esp. Baku port as expected capacity bottleneck (c.150,000 TEUs annual throughput)\n2. Trans-Caspian ferry services not with required level of reliability and capacity for anticipated freight volumes, no scheduled services exist\n3. Slow border procedures at Baku port ferry crossings as reloading and customs cannot be conducted in parallel, consignment harmonization with TKM missing\n4. Cross-border connection to Iran via Rasht still unfinished due to financing difficulties following sanctions on Iran and vested interests\n5. Geopolitical tensions with Armenia hindering development of new East-West rail corridors",
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      "text": "Azerbaijan key rail freight bottlenecks",
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