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      "text": "Many other industries which require close cooperation across the supply chain have moved to more relationship based management approaches. These management approaches were initially pioneered in Japan but have subsequently been embraced across Western Europe and North America. Some European railways have started to adopt these approaches, e.g. Denmark. Relationship based approaches provide much greater flexibility to implement the right solution for each situation and to evolve over time as circumstances change and innovations occur. Contractual and regulatory protections will still be required, it is a question of how they are applied. Devolved decision making is an absolutely critical enabler of relationship based management approaches",
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