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      "text": "The JSO allows selected partners the right to use the 4G Base Transceiver Station Infrastructure and its supporting infrastructure built by BAKTI to provide 4G Mobile Services and receive revenue. BAKTI is responsible for providing the BTS infrastructure, including loaning land from the local governments",
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      "text": "A big hurdle for service providers towards providing connectivity in underdeveloped regions is the negative NPV of new projects. Operators need an incentive to expand into these regions. Through several Indonesian initiatives such as the joint service operation launched in June 2021, the Telecommunication and Information Accessibility Agency can help relieve some of the costs and risk that comes with operating in these areas",
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      "text": "Plans such as the JSO are great opportunities for school connectivity, because a school connectivity mandate can be included in the right to use BAKTI infrastructure. Plans for new infrastructure developed by telco players that rely on government subsidies should also include provisions to connect schools",
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      "text": "Deep-dive on example of funding model – Joint Service Operation launched in June 2021",
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      "text": "The Indonesian government has made steps to help ISPs expand into new areas",
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      "text": "Government invests alongside ISPs is especially relevant to connect schools in most rural areas",
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      "text": "Providing connectivity across all islands is a nightmare. The government is already doing this, but for some it just doesn't make business sense, even with government help. That's why BAKTI was started. I think NPV-positive is impossible, especially if we talk about the most remote population. This isn't even an NPV case, but a humanitarian need.",
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      "text": "Providing connectivity across all islands is a nightmare. The government is already doing this, but for some it just doesn't make business sense, even with government help. That's why BAKTI was started. I think NPV-positive is impossible, especially if we talk about the most remote population. This isn't even an NPV case, but a humanitarian need. —BCG expert on Indonesia",
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