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  "documentTitle": "Indonesia case study",
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  "notes": "The slide discusses policy mechanisms for spectrum auctions and provides a specific company example (Net1) to illustrate the feasibility of low-frequency connectivity.",
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      "text": "Spectrum auctions can be used to sustainably connect schools, if regulator has enough mandate.",
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      "text": "Upcoming spectrum auctions in 2022 (26-28 GHz and 700 MHz), 2023 (3.3-3.5 GHz), and 2025 (2.6 GHz). Frequencies are suitable for 5G networks and therefore attractive for major commercial parties.",
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      "text": "Spectrum auctions can be used to sustainably connect schools, if regulator has enough mandate. When new spectrum auctions come up, include in the bidding process that winning party must connect a certain number of schools in certain regions.",
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      "text": "A fine system needs to be put in place to ensure that parties provide agreed service levels and maintenance.",
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      "text": "Auction revenues will likely be lower using this method, but it creates incentives to connect schools in a reliable and sustainable way - given that there is an effective regulator.",
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      "text": "This is an urban, rather than rural solution, as 5G-enabled devices are more expensive and higher connectivity speeds are usually rolled out there first. Subsequently, funds from these auctions can be used in rural areas through cross-subsidization.",
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      "text": "Low frequency networks (e.g., 450 MHz) that are currently empty can be used for school connectivity. Although these frequencies cannot be received by handsets, the frequency can be received by routers, which can then provide Wi-Fi connection for 20 Mbps on selected locations. This frequency can be received from 100 km, making it ideal for remote locations and Indonesia's scattered geography.",
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      "text": "Source: Net1 Annual report; BCG Analysis",
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      "text": "Net1 currently operates through a combination of low(450 MHz) and high (3.5 GHz) frequency networks. They collaborate with a local partner in Indonesia to provide a 4G network in remote areas. Net1 Indonesia's network is currently available in 31 provinces, of which 70% is located in remote and rural villages. The company is planning to provide 4G LTE-450MHz network access on 14,000 islands to more than 260 million Indonesians. They offer end to end connectivity for local government units throughout the Philippines, connecting schools through a turn-key solution.",
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      "text": "Prerequisite in upcoming 5G spectrum auctions : Upcoming spectrum auctions could provide new possibilities for school connectivity in urban areas",
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