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  "documentTitle": "Future of AI-Enabled Health",
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      "text": "Table 2 summarizes the main points and strategies related to equity in AI initiatives in health, categorized into data ownership/access, public goods/infrastructure.",
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      "text": "Historically, due to legacy systems, persistent budget constraints and an undersized workforce necessitating strategies that optimize productivity and effectiveness, health systems have evolved through a series of independent tenders and cost-oriented procurement processes with no real overarching strategic perspective.",
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      "text": "Technical choices are often the remit of technical experts, and leaders tend to shy away from engaging in technical matters. However, this is a dangerous pattern, given how some technical decisions limit or constrain the ability to deliver on a vision.",
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      "text": "This vision should incorporate health needs into broader digital public infrastructure (DPI) strategies to ensure that stakeholders (1) do not attempt to \"reinvent the wheel\" and (2) secure equitable access to AI-driven health solutions.",
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      "text": "Equity must remain at the forefront of AI initiatives in health, and efforts should focus on ensuring that AI tools increase access for those most in need, bridging the gap between populations with and those without quality health services.",
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      "text": "Indeed, the persistent access gap to digital health solutions due to inadequate DPI further exacerbates the challenge. For example, focusing on comprehensive datasets that include social determinants of health (SDOH) can help address biases and privacy issues in AI systems.",
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      "text": "Successful examples of addressing data ownership and DPI gaps include the United Kingdom's NHS and Israel's health sector. In the United Kingdom, the NHS centralizes public and private health data to enhance transparency and benchmarking, while Israel's centralized data management system played a crucial role in its successful COVID-19 vaccination rollout. By early January 2021, Israel had vaccinated more than 14% of its citizens, outperforming many larger and wealthier nations.",
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      "text": "The importance of digital literacy among key stakeholders cannot be overstated. AI is a relatively new field, and many decision-makers have not had the opportunity to become well versed in it. However, a lack of fundamental knowledge about AI slows progress.",
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      "text": "Leaders must grasp not only the strategic purposes of AI but also the foundational digital principles that underpin it. Defining the minimum required knowledge for informed decision-making regarding AI is crucial.",
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