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  "documentTitle": "Trend 2050 Economics and Business",
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  "authorName": "Roland Berger",
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  "notes": "The slide uses a combination of a horizontal bar chart for growth rates and a grouped bar chart for per capita spending to illustrate the crowding-out effect of debt interest.",
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      "text": "In total, there are 48 developing countries spending more on servicing the interest payments on their public debt than on education and healthcare - affecting 3.3. billion people",
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      "kind": "chart",
      "text": "Public expenditure per capita on net interest, education and health in developing countries, 2020-2022 [USD]",
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      "kind": "chart",
      "text": "Nominal change of public expenditure in developing countries between 2010-2012 and 2020-2022 [%]",
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      "text": "In developing countries, interest payments are not only growing rapidly, they are also outpacing growth of key public expenditures such as health and education. While spending on education has risen by 38% from the period 2010-2012 to the period 2020-2022, interest payments have risen by 73%. The high interest payments are partly due to high cost of borrowing. Developing countries pay 2-4 times higher interest rates than the US and up to 12 times higher than Germany. In both Africa and Asia & Oceania (excluding China), per capita payments for interest exceed the per capita expenditure on health, and in Africa, they are also higher than the expenditure on education. In total, there are 48 developing countries spending more on servicing the interest payments on their public debt than on education and healthcare - affecting 3.3. billion people. High interest payments also pose a major barrier to investing in climate protection. These investments are essential for reaching climate goals and reducing the negative impacts of climate change, which are hitting developing countries especially hard",
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      "text": "Public expenditure: +73%",
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      "text": "Source: UNCTAD; Roland Berger",
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      "kind": "title",
      "text": "Rising interest payments present a major challenge to debt management in developing countries",
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