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  "documentTitle": "Trend 2050 Economics and Business",
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  "notes": "The chart uses multiple data sources (Klasing and Milionis, Penn World Tables, World Bank) to construct a long-term view of trade openness.",
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      "text": "The global financial crisis of 2007-2009 marks a turning point for flourishing phases of postwar rebound followed by trade liberalization; since then, a period of so-called slowbalization can be observed.",
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      "text": "Global trade openness, 1870-2022",
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      "text": "The term globalization describes the increasing interconnectedness of the world's economies... The status of globalization is often measured by global trade openness... Over the past 150 years, globalization has mostly gone through burgeoning phases... The global financial crisis of 2007-2009 marks a turning point...",
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      "text": "1) Sum of global exports and imports divided by global GDP. Source: Our World In Data; Klasing and Milionis; Penn World Tables; World Bank; Roland Berger",
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      "text": "Since the global financial crisis, globalization appears to be slowing down on an uneven plateau - Its future direction is dividing expectations",
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