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  "documentTitle": "What if inflation rates remain at current levels? Roland Berger Institute",
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  "notes": "The slide uses two line charts to correlate energy price volatility with regulatory carbon pricing.",
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      "text": "With increasing efforts surrounding the energy transition, it can be assumed that energy prices tend to be more volatile in the future and that CO2 prices will rise in the future.",
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      "text": "GLOBAL ENERGY PRICE INDEX [INDEX 2016 = 100]",
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      "text": "CARBON PRICE UNDER ETS [EUR]",
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      "text": "Energy Price Index: 257",
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      "text": "Starting from exceptionally low levels in 2020 driven by low demand for energy in the wake of factory closures and lockdowns, energy prices rose extremely quickly due to an economic recovery in 2021.",
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      "text": "Historically, however, there were even higher energy prices before the global financial crisis. For example, a barrel of Brent cost just over USD 80 in November 2021, which is still well below the peak price in July 2008 of more than USD 147.",
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      "text": "With increasing efforts surrounding the energy transition, it can be assumed that energy prices tend to be more volatile in the future and that CO2 prices will rise in the future.",
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      "text": "New regulatory price surcharges, such as taxes and CO2 charges, have now been added to the bill and are placing a heavy burden on energy prices. For example, one ton of CO2 now already costs more than EUR 70 under the European Union's Emission Trade System ETS, which further increases prices for end consumers.",
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      "text": "1 The index covers prices of Coal, Crude Oil, Natural Gas and Propane. Figures represent benchmark prices, which are representative of the global market. They are determined by the largest exporter of a given commodity. Prices are period averages in nominal US dollars. 2 EU Emissions Trading System. Source: St. Louis FRED; Bloomberg; Roland Berger",
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      "text": "Energy prices have risen rapidly, partly driven by increasing carbon prices",
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