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  "documentTitle": "The Lithium-Ion (EV) battery market and supply chain",
  "authorId": "RolandBerger",
  "authorName": "Roland Berger",
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  "notes": "The slide uses a combination of trend lines and descriptive text to illustrate supply constraints for battery raw materials.",
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      "kind": "callout",
      "text": "Potential for long-term production capacities well over 1,500 kt LCE, but with higher cash costs that are likely to result in higher costs for balanced supply.",
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      "text": "Cobalt supply projection 2020-2030",
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      "text": "Lithium supply projection 2020-2030",
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      "text": "Nickel supply projection 2020-2030",
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      "kind": "disclaimer",
      "text": "Note: Incl. recycling. 1) LCE 99.5% ; 2) Spodumene has higher purity with less iron, magnesium & other deleterious metals 3) Start of exploration to metal delivery, \"best case\" - \"average lead time\" 4) Might become cheaper via Mixed Sulphate precipitation by Tsingshan",
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      "kind": "list",
      "text": "Production lead times for Li, Ni, and Co",
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      "text": "kt LCE/metal eq. p.a.: 3,647",
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      "kind": "title",
      "text": "Supply availability and price risks for Lithium, Nickel and the refined salts stem from a potential demand-supply imbalance driven by long lead times...",
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      "evidence": "The document highlights the significant supply chain risks faced by the industry, including dependency on LiB cells and critical battery materials.",
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