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  "documentTitle": "Resilient supply chains for raw materials",
  "authorId": "RolandBerger",
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      "kind": "paragraph",
      "text": "The world's industrial base is undergoing a fundamental change. For decades driven by fossil fuels, sectors from automotive to aerospace are now shifting to renewable energies and materials to satisfy society's demands for a cleaner, sustainable future.",
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      "text": "A solution is to build up resilient supply chains for in-demand raw materials. In this article, we outline an approach and recommendations to create more stable and flexible supply chains, as well as assessing the challenges, uncertainties and risks surrounding them.",
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      "text": "The energy transition cannot happen without these minerals. Yet meeting demand for them is becoming challenging. Supplies of lithium and nickel, for example, are expected to only just keep up with demand until 2030. This precarious situation is likely to be further strained by the significant uncertainties around some demand and supply drivers, for example growth in electric vehicle (EV) sales and disruptive technologies. Risks, such as supply shortages and a lack of skills in the industry, compound the problem.",
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      "text": "This green transition requires shifting from fossil-fuel-based value chains to a new generation of clean energy technologies based on non-fossil minerals. As a result, demand is rising exponentially for battery raw materials, especially lithium and nickel, copper (for cabling), and rare earth elements, such as neodymium. Indeed, clean energy technologies are set to become the fastest-growing segment of demand for most minerals - they will account for 90% of lithium demand by 2040, for example, a 15x increase on 2020.",
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      "text": "1 Market overview: Supply and demand dynamics 1.1 Why raw material demand is rising 1.2 Battery demand 1.3 Supply versus demand 2 Uncertainties on the horizon 2.1 Market uncertainties: Overview 2.2 Market uncertainties: Examples 3 The need for resilient supply chains 3.1 The need for resilient supply chains 3.2 Our approach to resilient supply chains 4 Recommendations 4.1 Recommendations: Risk containment 4.2 Recommendations: Key messages",
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