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  "documentTitle": "Megatrend 5 – Technology & Innovation",
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  "notes": "The slide uses a donut chart to visualize regional R&D spending, with a central callout for the total global expenditure.",
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      "text": "Poorer countries in the regions of the Global South in Africa, South America and South Asia are trapped in an innovation underperformance cycle.",
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      "text": "R&D expenditure differs between countries, but are particularly striking when aggregated by region: Differences in levels of income between the Global North and South determine the latter's potential ability to invest in R&D. Poorer countries in the regions of the Global South in Africa, South America and South Asia are trapped in an innovation underperformance cycle: The less money (available to be) invested in R&D, the lower the abilities of a country or region to innovate – resulting in less innovative firms, lower profits and less prosperity that can be derived or shared from technological advances. This vicious cycle of lack of R&D funds and subsequent innovation underperformance also defines aspects of the so-called poverty trap, describing a knock-on effect mechanism that – ultimately – makes it very difficult for such nations to escape poverty. In 2017, almost USD 2.2 trillion were invested globally in R&D, compared to USD 722 billion in 2000. This threefold increase highlights the growing importance of innovation for economic stability and prosperity",
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      "text": "Share of global R&D expenditure: USD 2.2 trillion",
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      "text": "Sources: NSF; Roland Berger",
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      "text": "Regionally, R&D expenditure is highly unbalanced – Investment gaps between the Global North and South highlight innovation underperformance",
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