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      "text": "Our study now shows Europe's 13 top manufacturers are facing more than €14.5bn in fines, with some companies seeing penalties high enough to have a material impact on their profitability and reputation.",
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      "text": "discounting electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles to boost their sales\ntaking high-polluting vehicles off the market\ndeveloping service schemes that increase low-emission vehicle use\ninvesting in accelerating innovative technologies to market as a standard option\nexploring mergers with other car makers and the supply chain to manage costs\ndeveloping open platforms, like Volkswagen's MEB platform, to make electric tech more available.",
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      "text": "Potential fines: €14.5bn",
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      "text": "Our work across the automotive sector, combined with our deep experience working towards the global sustainability agenda, has highlighted opportunities for car makers to seize a competitive advantage.",
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      "text": "Our proprietary analysis shows this is because there's a strong demand for high-powered vehicles, as well as SUVs and heavier cars. People are also choosing petrol cars following the diesel emissions scandal. And, at the same time, manufacturers are struggling to get low-emission options into showrooms at an attractive price.",
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      "text": "By acting now to reduce their average CO2 emissions, they can protect their reputation and win customers. And that means taking actions like:",
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      "text": "But we know car makers can't create a low-emission future alone - governments must help. They must carefully consider how to reinvest the fines they levy to boost sustainability-related innovation. And they need to create a Europe-wide roadmap to ensure the continent's automotive industry can continue to compete in a global market.",
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      "text": "With this recent step backwards, our study now shows Europe's 13 top manufacturers are facing more than €14.5bn in fines, with some companies seeing penalties high enough to have a material impact on their profitability and reputation.",
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      "text": "Yet, while this short-term outlook is challenging, we know there's opportunity in this complexity. There are solutions and reasons to be optimistic about the future. By unlocking human ingenuity, the car industry can innovate to cut emissions.",
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      "text": "There will be more change and disruption ahead, but by seizing the opportunities we see in the market, adaptable car makers will meet their CO2 targets and further ambitions to achieve net zero carbon, and be well set to cope with changes in the wider world.",
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      "text": "STEVE CARDEN\nProduct design and engineering expert\nsteven.carden@paconsulting.com",
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      "text": "Despite this fast-paced and unpredictable environment, all car makers must focus on the European Union's 2021 CO2 emissions targets or risk significant fines. But, after four years of steady progress, we've found emissions increased across the board in 2018, and all manufacturers are now set to miss their 2021 targets.",
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