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  "documentTitle": "Labor Cost Per Vehicle Report",
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  "notes": "The chart is a dot plot showing ranges of engineered hours per unit (EHPV) for four categories of manufacturers.",
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      "text": "The range of design complexity is an important factor in the labor cost per vehicle.",
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      "text": "Exhibit 5: The range of design complexity is an important factor in the labor cost per vehicle. Engineered hours per unit (EHPV), 2024",
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      "text": "Chinese automakers have significantly reduced their engineered hours per vehicle over the last decade, keeping it lower than other competitors. Our analysis has revealed Chinese cars require one-half of the engineered hours per vehicle of the Euro premiums.",
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      "text": "One very important factor affecting productivity and, thus, labor cost per vehicle is engineered hours per vehicle — a metric reflecting the level and sophistication of engineering needed to build a vehicle.",
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      "text": "In addition to regional differences in labor cost per vehicle, here are several other factors that have a significant impact on labor cost per vehicle and the total production cost per vehicle:",
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      "text": "Chinese factories also are typically manufacturing a limited number of model variants, with a limited number of propulsion technologies and independent parts compared with European premium car makers.",
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      "text": "For decades, the majority of mainstream car makers have focused on lowering engineered hours per vehicle, even as features and content continue to be added. This group is now not far away from matching Chinese manufacturers.",
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      "text": "Source: Oliver Wyman analysis",
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      "text": "PRODUCTION VARIABLES THAT INFLUENCE LABOR COST PER VEHICLE",
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      "text": "1. DESIGN COMPLEXITY",
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