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      "text": "(4/28/20) Please see disclaimer on page 3. These analyses represent only potential scenarios based on discrete data from one point in time. They are not intended as a prediction or forecast, and the situation is changing daily.",
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      "text": "(4/28/20) Please see disclaimer on page 3. These analyses represent only potential scenarios based on discrete data from one point in time. They are not intended as a prediction or forecast, and the situation is changing daily.",
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      "text": "Top-down: Identified the overall operating expenses in the 2020 MTA budget that would be impacted by increased public health measures (e.g., materials) and applied a benchmark of ~6% increase, as determined from the change in Hong Kong MTR financials during the peak month of SARS in 2003",
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      "text": "Bottom-up: Used the existing MTA estimate for COVID-19 related expenses as a base and built in additional expense items or expense increases based upon common policies enacted by transit agencies around the world for responses to COVID-19 and SARS",
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      "text": "Expenses do not include: Any new capex (e.g., ventilation upgrades, thermal imaging, re-furbishing breakrooms, etc.) Costs related to further service changes in response to the pandemic",
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