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  "documentTitle": "Lebanon Economic Vision",
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      "text": "Overall, the Lebanese banking market remains profitable; however, returns and margins are decreasing.",
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      "text": "Overall, the Lebanese banking market remains profitable; however, returns and margins are decreasing. Lebanese banks achieved an average return on equity of ~12% with some banks reaching RoE levels higher than 15%. RoE has however been declining in recent years with a net compression in margins witnessed over the last three years. Margin compression as a result of increasing cost of funding. Average cost structure of banking system, standing at 46-50% cost to income is higher than ~30-40% high performing regional benchmarks and 30% (or less) for global digital benchmarks.",
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      "text": "Banks penetration metrics show an “overbanking” of the Lebanese population especially when compared to benchmarks. Key metrics show that the Lebanese market is “overbanked”: 32 branches per 100K adults vs. 21 globally, 81K people per bank vs. 720K regionally, 58 ATMs per 100K adults vs. 47 regionally. The metrics also highlight marked regional discrepancies with a clear under penetration outside Beirut & Mount Lebanon.",
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      "text": "Banking market landscape enforces relevance of scale for business sustainability, with Alpha banks commanding higher RoE than Beta banks. Most beta banks with low market shares sustain returns on equity less than 7%.",
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      "text": "The sector also witnesses a low digital banking penetration with 27% of adults having made a digital transaction vs. 60% regional and global benchmarks.",
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      "text": "Return on Equity: 12%",
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      "text": "SOURCE: Lebanon IMF Article IV 2016; Banks annual reports; IMF Financial Access Survey; Banque du Liban; Ministry of Health",
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      "text": "Financial services diagnostic - key performance measures banking (2/2)",
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      "text": "A. Key performance measures - Banking",
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