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  "documentTitle": "How nine digital frontrunners can lead on AI in Europe",
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      "text": "To get a sense of the impact, a useful metric is “GDP equivalent,” which incorporates factors such as whether the impact drives welfare or can be modeled robustly.",
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      "text": "Indeed, the COVID-19 outbreak has increased pressure on state budgets, which is likely to encourage governments to use AI to reduce healthcare costs. The economic potential of improved health and increased longevity could amount to 1 percent of GDP annually. However, AI-induced stress in relation to job security, for example, could deduct 0.2 percent of annual GDP impact.",
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      "text": "AI has the potential to become a force for good and deliver welfare benefits, with possibilities ranging from increased environmental sustainability to more meaningful jobs focused on creativity and social skills. It is already starting to have an impact, with many use cases being developed across the United Nation's 17 Sustainable Development Goals (Exhibit 18). The COVID-19 outbreak has served to demonstrate AI's potential to deliver healthcare and safety benefits, with DF9 countries using it for diagnosis, disease control, and forecasting (refer back to Exhibit 14).",
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      "text": "Real-life examples are emerging. A leading hospital in the Netherlands in 2018, for example, adopted an EarlySense AI-enabled system, which analyzes patients' risk of falling and alerts personnel before patients leave their beds. The Estonian government, meanwhile, has rolled out a machine learning algorithm that matches individuals with employers.",
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      "text": "Stakeholders in both the private and public sectors in the DF9 have essential roles to play in ensuring that AI can achieve its potential for social good, supported by tools such as model validation techniques and \"human in the loop\" quality checks. In perfecting these approaches, the DF9 could set the benchmark in Europe, particularly in sensitive areas such as criminal justice and data dissemination.",
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      "text": "Within the DF9, some of the most promising areas of potential are healthcare and the work environment. There are a significant number of AI applications in both and the potential for many people to benefit. To get a sense of the impact, a useful metric is \"GDP equivalent,\" which incorporates factors such as whether the impact drives welfare or can be modeled robustly. Preliminary results on this basis quantify the GDP-equivalent impact as 0.4 percent of GDP annually (Exhibit 19). Benefits include better health, fewer working hours, and increased leisure time, while drawbacks may include stress, inequality, and unemployment.",
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      "text": "Healthcare effects are pronounced, which is a particular benefit in the face of rising healthcare costs. AI-related technologies may ease access to low-cost healthcare through telemedicine solutions, and remote healthcare services such as virtual consultations may become a realistic alternative to physical consultations.",
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      "text": "Of course, stakeholders also need to guard against potential misuses of AI that include disinformation campaigns, cyberattacks, and cyber-fraud. There also may be unintended impacts of implementation, such as increases in inequality. As AI develops, policy frameworks will be required to protect users and the wider public. Policy makers should also move to tackle public concerns over privacy and work with the private sector to ensure sensitive personal information is not misused or made public.",
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      "text": "1 McKinsey Global Institute, 2018b. 2 PwC, 2018.",
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