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  "documentTitle": "How nine digital frontrunners can lead on AI in Europe",
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      "text": "EXHIBIT 10: Facts on AI in Europe",
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      "text": "Still, the dispersion of strengths across Europe indicates that countries can borrow best practices from each other to create a more favorable and enabling AI environment.",
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      "text": "Europe has 3.1 AI companies per million workers vs 10.5 in US and 0.3 in China",
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      "text": "Europe accounts for 32% of all published AI papers and was the largest publisher for last 20 years",
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      "text": "Europe has 50% more AI researchers than the US and 2x more than China",
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      "text": "Europe has over 6 million professional developers vs 4.3 million in the US",
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      "text": "AI research output: 32%",
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      "text": "Although the US and China are moving forward at pace and are in a strong position to harness the AI opportunity, Europe has the necessary tools to excel. The continent has a high number of strong incumbent industries, the world's largest single market area, a sturdy legal framework, excellent public services, and many companies and SMEs that are leaders in their field. Europe also has high-quality education and research and is the source of many of the most influential academic papers on AI. It has been the most prolific publisher of AI papers over the past 20 years.",
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      "text": "While Europe's larger economies are making significant progress on AI, some of the continent's smaller economies have yet to fully commit. Some regions in Southern and Eastern Europe have fewer resources and suffer from talent migration to larger areas. Innovation and adoption are more limited in the private sector than in other countries and there are few tech hubs, amid relatively low levels of science and technology employment. Still, the dispersion of strengths across Europe indicates that countries can borrow best practices from each other to create a more favorable and enabling AI environment.",
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      "text": "On a policy level, the EU is leading coordination among its member states for investment, data sharing, and developing an ethical and legal framework. The EU's \"Coordinated Plan on Artificial Intelligence\" encourages the use of AI to solve some of the world's most pressing challenges, from diseases, to climate change, and cross-border crime. The EU's February 2020 \"White Paper on Artificial Intelligence\" supports a regulatory- and investment-oriented approach, with the twin objectives of promoting uptake of AI and addressing the risks associated with certain uses.",
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      "text": "Across Europe's diverse economies, some countries have recently ramped up investment in AI, while others are playing catch-up. The UK, Germany, and France are home to Europe's largest tech hubs, supported by dedicated policy and fiscal initiatives such as R&D tax credits. With the help of an effective AI strategy, the UK has become the world's fourth largest market for investment, after the US, China, and Israel, and is home to some of the biggest names in the business, including DeepMind, SwiftKey, and Babylon. Germany, meanwhile, is seeing a wave of innovation, with industrial giants leading the world in patent applications in some categories. France has developed a national strategy called AI for Humanity, with ambitions that include wider access to big data, deeper research, and the development of plans to cater to the impact of AI on labor.",
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      "text": "1 Stanford University HAI, 2019. 2 European Commission, 2018, 2020. 3 Estimated from PE, VC, M&A investments in AI and big data companies from PitchBook. 4 The concept of adoption has been used in various contexts under various names, e.g., AI diffusion, absorption. In this research, we only use the word adoption. We define adoption as when an economic entity - notably a company - chooses to invest in one of the five generic AI technologies (computer vision, natural language, virtual assistants, robotic process automation, and advanced machine learning). Source: Stanford University HAI, 2019; European Commission 2018a, 2018e; Atomico, 2019; Center for Data Innovation; Tufts University, 2017",
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