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  "documentTitle": "International Comparison of Australia’s Freight and Supply Chain Performance 2019",
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      "text": "Note: * Includes hazardous materials. Source: National Waste Report 2018; ABC News; L.E.K. analysis",
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      "text": "Led by the Chinese government in 2017 (reduced contamination threshold for plastics), several key importers of Australian waste in Asia (e.g., Indonesia, Malaysia etc.) have also imposed restrictions related to the import of waste",
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      "text": "The absence of landfill levies in Queensland until 2018 meant that a substantial volume (~900k tonnes in 2017) was being freighted to Queensland",
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      "text": "Economic incentives and regulation can drive “inefficiencies” due to unnecessary waste transportation. E.g., extensive movement of commercial waste from NSW to Queensland has been driven by lower levies in Queensland (~$70 per tonne) vs. metro NSW (~$140 per tonne).",
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