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  "documentTitle": "International Comparison of Australia’s Freight and Supply Chain Performance 2019",
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      "text": "Best practices with respect to transport of waste in other geographies indicate there is opportunity for improvement, particularly in terms of consistency of data collection, stakeholder alignment and more coherent planning for desired environmental outcomes.",
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      "text": "These 'ecosystem' factors are evident when benchmarking total costs for the 'refuse' (landfill) waste stream, with significantly larger transportation distances evident in Australia leading to higher overall costs.",
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      "text": "Two supply chains (waste and wine) were selected as initial 'proof of concept' pilots, with a subset of possible geographies and supply chain elements reviewed. International comparators were selected to enable a relevant 'like for like' comparisons.",
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      "text": "household waste in Melbourne and Sydney was compared with metropolitan areas in Denmark and Wales; the South Australian wine supply chain was compared with California (USA), and Bordeaux (France)",
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      "text": "Despite many apparent inefficiencies in the overall waste sector, the freight component of the waste supply chain appears to be relatively efficient.",
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      "text": "Recycling rates are broadly similar in Australia and Europe, however Demark and Wales divert substantially more waste from landfill than Australia due to the use of waste to energy. This significantly reduces the amount of waste transported to landfill.",
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      "text": "Australian's generate a significant amount of waste per capita but compare more favourably in terms of household waste. Furthermore, the waste generated per capita in metro areas compares well internationally.",
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      "text": "Australia compares more favourably in terms of unit cost (per tonne) for recycling and organics waste streams, where costs are more comparable.",
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      "text": "This study is a first step towards developing a broader set of comparative global benchmarks for key Australian supply chains, providing improved performance data to the freight sector. It focuses on the 'materials management' components of supply chains.",
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