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      "text": "In preparation for COVID-19 cases, intensive care units (ICUs) increased their capacity from around 4600 beds to almost 12,000 beds across 191 ICUs.",
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      "text": "Further focus was on workforce capacity to support planned additional ICU activity. It was estimated that an additional 43,000 ICU nurses and around 4000 senior doctors would be needed.",
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      "text": "This surge capacity was met by adding new respiratory clinics, COVID-19 wards, emergency departments, and hospital beds. The Australian Government temporarily suspended elective surgeries, redeployed private clinicians to the public system, and authorised cooperation between private and public hospitals and health agencies.",
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      "text": "While COVID-19 demonstrated the flexibility to shift capacity in relation to built infrastructure (e.g., ICU beds), it also highlighted some inflexibility in sharing specialist knowledge, equipment, and personnel to support comprehensive and coordinated care.",
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      "text": "In preparation for COVID-19 cases, intensive care units (ICUs) increased their capacity from around 4600 beds to almost 12,000 beds across 191 ICUs. In Victoria, although ICU beds reached 85% capacity in July, there were 4,000 additional beds that could be activated.",
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      "text": "… Inflexibility is unfortunately baked into many of our health system structures, exacerbated by our system of devolved governance, clinical and specialist siloing and separated lines of accountability in public and private health, and segregated primary care and hospital systems …",
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      "text": "… Inflexibility is unfortunately baked into many of our health system structures, exacerbated by our system of devolved governance, clinical and specialist siloing and separated lines of accountability in public and private health, and segregated primary care and hospital systems … The Medical Journal of Australia, July 2020",
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      "text": "Note: * Assumes that 5% of COVID-19 patients become critical and require an ICU bed and ventilator. Source: Australian Department of Health; Australian health sector emergency response plan for novel Covid; Medical Journal of Australia: How COVID-19 will reshape the Australian Health System; Medium: Without serious action, Australia may run out of intensive care beds by early April",
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