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  "documentTitle": "IBV Supply chain Zurich",
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  "notes": "The slide includes a bar chart showing congestion costs as a percentage of GDP for various cities, followed by text explaining the benefits of intelligent transport systems.",
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      "text": "More efficient and effective transport systems can reduce the costs of congestion on cities.",
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      "text": "Percent of GDP congestion costs by city",
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      "text": "Many cities are sitting on potential treasure troves of data that could help them improve their transport systems. First, leaders need to assess the full range of what they already know and then couple that with data being collected outside the traditional definition.",
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      "text": "More efficient and effective transport systems can reduce the costs of congestion on cities. For example, in the United Kingdom, it is estimated that a 5 percent reduction in travel time on roads alone could generate around £2.5 billion of cost savings – some 0.2 per cent of GDP.",
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      "text": "failure can be predicted and avoided through wireless sensor networks that provide periodic reports and realtime alerts about the mechanical condition of trains, buses and trucks. Accidents and congestion can also be reduced by balancing traffic across routes or modes.",
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      "text": "Urban transport pressures are intensifying. For example, car ownership in Sao Paulo is increasing at the rate of 1,000 cars a day, and traffic is growing four times faster than the population in Mumbai, Delhi, Ahmedabad, Bangalore, Chennai and Hyderabad.",
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      "text": "One strategic approach to reducing congestion is to apply collected data and a systems view to encourage increased use of public transport. Singapore has successfully encouraged its citizens to use public transport and minimized congestion by leveraging such smart technology.",
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      "kind": "source-note",
      "text": "Sources: Ley, E. and J. Boccardo. \"The Taxation of Motor Fuel: International Comparison.\" The World Bank. Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Network. Economic Policy and Debt Department Working paper series 5212. February 2010; Central Statistics Office. County Incomes and Regional GDP 2007. 2010.",
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      "kind": "title",
      "text": "Smarter cities for smarter growth",
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