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  "documentTitle": "Doing business in the Philippines 2021",
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      "text": "Long touted as a game-changing solution to Metro Manila's notorious traffic problem, the country's first subway system is finally in the works through a partnership with Japan. In November 2017, President Duterte signed an agreement with then-Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe to build an underground subway across NCR, with financing from Japan International Cooperation Agency's (JICA) Official Development Assistance loan. A consortium between Japanese and Philippine companies won the bid to design and build the first three of 15 planned stations. The subway project will be 36 kilometers long and will connect the northern part of Manila in Bulacan to the Cavite area south of the Metro. The subway's route will run through seven local governments and three business districts, and will eventually be connected to the existing aboveground railways (i.e., the Philippine National Railway, the Light Railway Transit System via the Common Station). The Metro Manila Subway Project will be completed in two phases: the first phase (three stations, connecting Valenzuela City and the Ninoy Aquino International Airport in Parañaque) has been under construction since 2019, with partial operations scheduled for 2022. The subway aims to accommodate over 370,000 passengers daily, with the goal of accommodating 1.5 million upon completion. In December 2020, the Department of Transportation (DOTr) awarded the design, supply, installation, construction, testing, and provision of 240 train cars (30 eight-car train sets) to the Japanese joint venture of Sumitomo Corporation and Japan Transport Engineering Company for the first phase of the Metro Manila Subway Project. Later that month, the DOTr and the Department of Defense (DOD) agreed to allow right-of-way use through some DOD properties for the subway project, securing the subway's passage through key areas in the Metro.",
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      "text": "Source: Republic of the Philippines Public-Private Partnership Center",
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      "text": "Metro Manila Subway Project Phase 1 (Quezon City to Taguig) Description: 25.3 km long underground railway system from Valenzuela City to Parañaque, with a connection to NAIA. Project cost (PhP): 356.9 billion (ODA). Construction Timeline: Start: 1Q 2019, Finish: Partial Operations: 4Q 2021, Full/Main Line Completion: 2025. Status: Mobilization of Contractor for Construction Works started on Dec. 2019. Capacity: 365,000 passengers daily. Impact: It will provide shorter travel time of only 30-45 mins from North Avenue to NAIA in Pasay City.",
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