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  "documentTitle": "High Throughput Satellites Viewpoint",
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      "text": "For a same antenna size, Ka-band offers higher throughputs.",
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      "text": "Ka-band is more sensitive to severe atmospheric perturbations. However, these only occur during very limited time periods.",
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      "text": "As the size of the satellite antenna is constrained by the launch vehicle fairing, the use of higher frequencies lead to narrower beams: Ku typical achievable beamwidth: Between 0.8° and 2°. Ka typical achievable beamwidth: Less than 0.5°.",
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      "text": "If the diameter of the satellite antenna is expressed as a function of its beamwidth in the first formula, the link performance can now be expressed as a function of the inverse proportion to the width of the beam: C/N0 ∝ Dt^2 / (θ3dB^2 * Latm * B * T)",
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      "text": "θ3dB ∝ 1 / (f * Ds)",
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      "text": "The overall performance of satellite systems depends on many factors – some determined by user requirements (terminals, operational customer locations) and some by the system overall design (physical antennas configuration, frequencies, etc.).",
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      "text": "The size of the beam depends on the inverse of the product of the satellite antenna diameter and the transmission frequency.",
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      "text": "C/N0 ∝ (Dt * Ds * f)^2 / (Latm * B * T)",
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      "text": "The formulae below illustrate firstly that C/N0 is proportional to the square of the link frequency, and thus lower frequencies suffer from lower performance if a similar antenna size is used (all other things being equal).",
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