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Similar to mobile technology, the range of expected applications for the metaverse is far-reaching, including the communications, entertainment, education, healthcare, manufacturing, and retail sectors.", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "5f2affc0-941d-4d07-959d-4bfc1930cea4", "version": 1, "description": "Single prose block in the body of a slide." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fb80-75af-aa5c-a7a4bfac2433", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "paragraph", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 18:24:38.922+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "71a3ac90-1cf6-4b26-8183-66b7d3f4acf6", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.1, "w": 0.8, "x": 0.1, "y": 0.75 }, "kind": "paragraph", "text": "While it is possible that, like many other previously “hyped” technological innovations, the metaverse never comes to fruition as it is currently envisioned, the goal of our analysis is not to predict whether the metaverse will be successful. Rather, we focus on measuring the potential economic impact of the metaverse if it were to evolve like prior successful technologies in terms of the level and rate of adoption by users and the impact on GDP.", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "5f2affc0-941d-4d07-959d-4bfc1930cea4", "version": 1, "description": "Single prose block in the body of a slide." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fb80-75af-aa5c-a7a4bfac2433", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "paragraph", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 18:24:38.922+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "8f42988f-a54f-4841-bd42-7cc9874decfe", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.05, "w": 0.8, "x": 0.1, "y": 0.21 }, "kind": "paragraph", "text": "Existing research studies define and measure mobile technology in different ways, but collectively they indicate that in a wide range of contexts and across various definitions and measures, mobile technology has had a substantial and beneficial impact on global and local economies, as summarized in Figure 1.", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "5f2affc0-941d-4d07-959d-4bfc1930cea4", "version": 1, "description": "Single prose block in the body of a slide." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fb80-75af-aa5c-a7a4bfac2433", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "paragraph", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 18:24:38.922+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "9e79538f-f129-4a47-8dbd-df0daed80f3c", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.02, "w": 0.6, "x": 0.5, "y": 0.05 }, "kind": "title", "text": "THE POTENTIAL GLOBAL ECONOMIC IMPACT OF THE METAVERSE", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Title", "slug": "title", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-f7dd-76d9-b848-b1f12bd85cf4", "version": 1, "description": "Slide title or headline." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Headline", "slug": "headline", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fae1-7463-9a7c-d60668eced0d", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "headline", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 18:24:38.922+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "62bd14db-b2c3-44d7-bc8c-92971585ded0", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.02, "w": 0.7, "x": 0.15, "y": 0.28 }, "kind": "title", "text": "Figure 1. Key Findings from Research on the Economic Impacts of Mobile Technology", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Title", "slug": "title", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-f7dd-76d9-b848-b1f12bd85cf4", "version": 1, "description": "Slide title or headline." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Subtitle", "slug": "subtitle", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fb09-739d-900c-815b0d9ac526", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "subtitle", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 18:24:38.922+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "29576150-4070-4541-ab41-051816b45cd5", "parentComponentId": null } ], "metrics": [], "tools": [ { "tool": { "name": "Big Idea Formula", "slug": "big-idea-formula", "status": "active", "bestFor": "Any narrative-driven persuasive deck whose job is to move the audience: keynotes, fundraising pitches, capital-allocation board asks, all-hands behaviour-change talks, conference talks meant to shift mental models. 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Our main result is that if the metaverse were to be adopted and grow in a similar way as mobile technology, then we would expect it to be associated with a 2.8% contribution to global GDP after 10 years. These numbers represent incremental growth in GDP associated with the metaverse and do not account for any potential displacement of GDP from other industries and sectors that may also occur over time. Regional results are shown in Figure 2 below.", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "5f2affc0-941d-4d07-959d-4bfc1930cea4", "version": 1, "description": "Single prose block in the body of a slide." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fb80-75af-aa5c-a7a4bfac2433", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "paragraph", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 18:24:45.805+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "321e8121-4942-4d92-a956-0c0177cc8529", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.12, "w": 0.8, "x": 0.1, "y": 0.68 }, "kind": "paragraph", "text": "The extent to which our mobile technology model provides a good estimate of the economic potential of the metaverse depends on how similar the rate and extent of metaverse adoption and its impact ultimately are relative to the rate and extent of mobile technology adoption and its impact. It is impossible to know today whether these assumptions will hold, but we can identify some factors that may contribute to future outcomes. For example, development of the infrastructure and technology required for the metaverse is expected to take time, and building an accessible, inclusive, and safe metaverse is also going to play a vital role in accelerating metaverse adoption", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "5f2affc0-941d-4d07-959d-4bfc1930cea4", "version": 1, "description": "Single prose block in the body of a slide." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fb80-75af-aa5c-a7a4bfac2433", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "paragraph", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 18:24:45.805+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "7990ac14-ccfe-49fa-a5ad-393fb15a3787", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.12, "w": 0.8, "x": 0.1, "y": 0.55 }, "kind": "paragraph", "text": "If we assume that metaverse adoption were to begin today, in 2022, then we can also estimate the metaverse's potential contribution to GDP in dollars and compare it to industry projections of the potential size of the metaverse. Our model implies that if metaverse adoption began today, it would have a contribution to global GDP of $3.01 trillion (measured in 2015 U.S. dollars) in 2031. This estimate lies within the range of existing industry projections, which include estimates ranging from $800 billion to $2 trillion over the next few years, which tend to focus on near-term impacts on gaming, social media, ecommerce, and live entertainment, for example, to long-term estimates ranging from approximately $3 trillion to over $80 trillion.", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "5f2affc0-941d-4d07-959d-4bfc1930cea4", "version": 1, "description": "Single prose block in the body of a slide." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fb80-75af-aa5c-a7a4bfac2433", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "paragraph", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 18:24:45.805+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "8d00b517-9d8d-4874-9e75-3ed84a9a2617", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.06, "w": 0.8, "x": 0.1, "y": 0.1 }, "kind": "paragraph", "text": "mobile broadband adoption from the International Telecommunication Union and (2) GDP and a set of control variables from the World Bank, for the period 2007-2019. Our regression results indicate that a 10% increase in mobile broadband adoption is associated with a 0.087 percentage point increase in GDP growth.", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "5f2affc0-941d-4d07-959d-4bfc1930cea4", "version": 1, "description": "Single prose block in the body of a slide." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fb80-75af-aa5c-a7a4bfac2433", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "paragraph", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 18:24:45.805+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "b0a2df79-77c3-47a0-aff3-01a404aefb99", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.04, "w": 0.8, "x": 0.1, "y": 0.87 }, "kind": "source-note", "text": "2 For Canada, the compound annual growth rate of mobile adoption and the metaverse's share of 10th year GDP and total contribution to GDP in 2031 are likely understated due to limited data availability. See Sections IV-V.", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Source note", "slug": "source-note", "status": "active", "canonId": "23484952-494b-4a5e-b1ad-550d0d70e948", "version": 1, "description": "Attribution / source / caveat placed at the slide footer. 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While there is no agreed upon definition of the metaverse, one way to think about it is as an expansive network of digital spaces, including immersive 3D experiences in augmented, virtual, and mixed reality, that are interconnected and interoperable so you can easily move between them, and in which you can create and explore with other people who aren't in the same physical space as you. Some have referred to the metaverse as an \"embodied internet\" in which individuals will feel as if they are actually \"present\" in experiences and not simply looking at experiences through their screens. 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References to various industry reports and articles defining the metaverse.", "attrs": { "numbered": true }, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Source note", "slug": "source-note", "status": "active", "canonId": "23484952-494b-4a5e-b1ad-550d0d70e948", "version": 1, "description": "Attribution / source / caveat placed at the slide footer. Numbered footnotes use attrs.numbered." }, "tool": null, "subkind": null, "framework": null }, "subkind": null, "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 18:24:38.757+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "747e83ff-f2fc-4ab9-b6ad-979ba9aebc20", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.02, "w": 0.15, "x": 0.105, "y": 0.115 }, "kind": "title", "text": "I. 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Today, the digital world remains incompatible. For example, a user is required to have an individual account to access a social media app such as Twitter or TikTok and an individual account to access a gaming console such as Xbox or PlayStation. 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First, the metaverse is expected to be a continuous experience without pauses and delays, including an unlimited number of users. Second, the metaverse is expected to be an open market, where businesses and individuals would freely engage in activities and generate content and experiences. 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0.107, "y": 0.433 }, "kind": "list", "text": "12-19 Footnotes detailing definitions and sources for AR, VR, MR, XR, Blockchain, and NFTs.", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "List", "slug": "list", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-f94b-779b-a53b-fd4904a5f4d2", "version": 1, "description": "Bullet or numbered list." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Numbered list", "slug": "numbered", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fcc0-7718-a284-a4250c805df2", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "numbered", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 18:24:40.233+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "f027aae5-9dec-419f-99ce-a2f3ab3f06ab", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.035, "w": 0.793, "x": 0.107, "y": 0.111 }, "kind": "paragraph", "text": "interoperability is what sets the metaverse apart: \"the metaverse isn't a single firm or organization's product or space, or even all of them together — it's the way they're connected.\"12", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "5f2affc0-941d-4d07-959d-4bfc1930cea4", "version": 1, "description": "Single prose block in the body of a slide." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fb80-75af-aa5c-a7a4bfac2433", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "paragraph", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 18:24:40.233+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "3c1b39c4-1583-4586-8e99-8473893c2fd5", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.165, "w": 0.793, "x": 0.107, "y": 0.161 }, "kind": "paragraph", "text": "In addition to collaboration and technological advances on a massive scale, the metaverse is going to require elevated user experience, sophisticated telecoms infrastructure, and human-machine interfaces. Some of these components are well advanced already, while others still need to be created and developed. Augmented reality (AR),13 virtual reality (VR),14 mixed reality (MR),15 extended reality (XR),16 blockchain,17 and non-fungible tokens (NFTs or \"tokens\")18 are fledgling technologies of today that are expected to be the backbone of the metaverse or of social and economic activity within the metaverse—for example, blockchain and NFTs are expected to play a central role in the exchange of digital goods within the metaverse.19 Figure 3 previews some examples of how these component technologies are in use today. Additional examples of use cases for regions around the world are described in the next section.", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "5f2affc0-941d-4d07-959d-4bfc1930cea4", "version": 1, "description": "Single prose block in the body of a slide." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fb80-75af-aa5c-a7a4bfac2433", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "paragraph", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 18:24:40.233+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "bace152d-63ab-42fc-b132-2e64e113c393", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.012, "w": 0.385, "x": 0.515, "y": 0.055 }, "kind": "title", "text": "THE POTENTIAL GLOBAL ECONOMIC IMPACT OF THE METAVERSE", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Title", "slug": "title", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-f7dd-76d9-b848-b1f12bd85cf4", "version": 1, "description": "Slide title or headline." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Headline", "slug": "headline", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fae1-7463-9a7c-d60668eced0d", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "headline", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 18:24:40.233+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "4c1ccca9-f46b-49dd-9aed-07f7f99ddb66", "parentComponentId": null } ], "metrics": [], "tools": [], "frameworks": [], "arcBeats": [ { "to": 40, "arc": { "name": "The Consultant's Gambit", "slug": "consultants-gambit", "status": "active", "bestFor": "Business cases, project proposals, strategic recommendations", "canonId": "019dd956-5e0a-73c8-b305-81c38c959e9c", "version": 1, "bodyDocId": "019df22a-2356-73eb-8061-d8c81dc0aa49", "structure": "Situation & Context -> Problem & Complication -> Solution & Approach -> Evidence & Proof -> Impact & Next Steps", "description": null, "familyLabel": null }, "from": 7, "name": "Evidence & Proof", "beatId": "791a2551-4c70-4280-8410-01737ecfe8c5", "matchId": "5a72c58d-a75f-408b-bc3d-113b4670e423", "beatType": { "name": "Evidence & Proof", "slug": "consultants-gambit-evidence-proof", "status": "active", "canonId": "019dd9b8-07b1-7688-8e1e-7637fec3802a", "version": 1, "description": null }, "evidence": "Presents data and analysis to support the economic impact assessment", "position": 1, "isPrimaryArc": true, "parentBeatType": { "name": "Evidence", "slug": "evidence", "status": "active", "canonId": "019dd9b8-03f9-772a-b84a-4f07b415b77a", "version": 1, "description": "A dedicated proof beat exists in only ~4 arcs (Gambit, Sequoia, AIDA, Monroes). 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And these components are already having significant societal, commercial, and business impacts.", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "5f2affc0-941d-4d07-959d-4bfc1930cea4", "version": 1, "description": "Single prose block in the body of a slide." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fb80-75af-aa5c-a7a4bfac2433", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "paragraph", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 18:24:40.823+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "7e957806-32a7-45c5-ab32-a8bde536a836", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.06, "w": 0.8, "x": 0.1, "y": 0.625 }, "kind": "paragraph", "text": "An anticipated benefit of the metaverse is the creation of new markets and broader economic and social impacts. As with the Internet and other technologies, the form and shape of the metaverse will materialize slowly at first.", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "5f2affc0-941d-4d07-959d-4bfc1930cea4", "version": 1, "description": "Single prose block in the body of a slide." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fb80-75af-aa5c-a7a4bfac2433", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "paragraph", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 18:24:40.823+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "ec59fd17-1b1a-4f7a-9bc1-f8f0ea91571a", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.1, "w": 0.8, "x": 0.1, "y": 0.77 }, "kind": "source-note", "text": "20. Robertson, Adi, 'Oculus Quest 2 Review...'; 21. As an illustration of the time it can take to achieve widespread adoption...", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Source note", "slug": "source-note", "status": "active", "canonId": "23484952-494b-4a5e-b1ad-550d0d70e948", "version": 1, "description": "Attribution / source / caveat placed at the slide footer. Numbered footnotes use attrs.numbered." }, "tool": null, "subkind": null, "framework": null }, "subkind": null, "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 18:24:40.823+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "728ca64d-dfec-4af9-a831-6ea7b243474b", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.02, "w": 0.45, "x": 0.1, "y": 0.6 }, "kind": "title", "text": "B. Uses of metaverse technologies around the world", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Title", "slug": "title", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-f7dd-76d9-b848-b1f12bd85cf4", "version": 1, "description": "Slide title or headline." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Headline", "slug": "headline", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fae1-7463-9a7c-d60668eced0d", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "headline", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 18:24:40.823+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "8663fd6c-d000-46d6-920d-7b36e92782fa", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.02, "w": 0.48, "x": 0.26, "y": 0.108 }, "kind": "title", "text": "Figure 3. Example Uses of Metaverse-Related Technologies", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Title", "slug": "title", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-f7dd-76d9-b848-b1f12bd85cf4", "version": 1, "description": "Slide title or headline." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Headline", "slug": "headline", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fae1-7463-9a7c-d60668eced0d", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "headline", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 18:24:40.823+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "aa129504-4917-4048-91c5-df646b63f9cb", "parentComponentId": null } ], "metrics": [], "tools": [], "frameworks": [], "arcBeats": [ { "to": 40, "arc": { "name": "The Consultant's Gambit", "slug": "consultants-gambit", "status": "active", "bestFor": "Business cases, project proposals, strategic recommendations", "canonId": "019dd956-5e0a-73c8-b305-81c38c959e9c", "version": 1, "bodyDocId": "019df22a-2356-73eb-8061-d8c81dc0aa49", "structure": "Situation & Context -> Problem & Complication -> Solution & Approach -> Evidence & Proof -> Impact & Next Steps", "description": null, "familyLabel": null }, "from": 7, "name": "Evidence & Proof", "beatId": "791a2551-4c70-4280-8410-01737ecfe8c5", "matchId": "5a72c58d-a75f-408b-bc3d-113b4670e423", "beatType": { "name": "Evidence & Proof", "slug": "consultants-gambit-evidence-proof", "status": "active", "canonId": "019dd9b8-07b1-7688-8e1e-7637fec3802a", "version": 1, "description": null }, "evidence": "Presents data and analysis to support the economic impact assessment", "position": 1, "isPrimaryArc": true, "parentBeatType": { "name": "Evidence", "slug": "evidence", "status": "active", "canonId": "019dd9b8-03f9-772a-b84a-4f07b415b77a", "version": 1, "description": "A dedicated proof beat exists in only ~4 arcs (Gambit, Sequoia, AIDA, Monroes). 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Carlota Perez, a scholar who specializes in technology and socio-economic development...", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "5f2affc0-941d-4d07-959d-4bfc1930cea4", "version": 1, "description": "Single prose block in the body of a slide." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fb80-75af-aa5c-a7a4bfac2433", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "paragraph", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 18:24:40.527+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "7f8c8404-f10d-4c98-9443-1238a3658605", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.155, "w": 0.792, "x": 0.104, "y": 0.487 }, "kind": "paragraph", "text": "Although society experiences ongoing innovation (the dotted line in Figure 5), S-curves reflect how individual products and technologies go through their own lifecycles, eventually becoming obsolete as they are replaced by new products and technologies.", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "5f2affc0-941d-4d07-959d-4bfc1930cea4", "version": 1, "description": "Single prose block in the body of a slide." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fb80-75af-aa5c-a7a4bfac2433", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "paragraph", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 18:24:40.527+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "9ec78376-ec5a-4e36-b695-106da75a3e73", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": null, "kind": "quote", "text": "S-curves are usually connected to ‘market adoption’ since the beginning of a curve relates to the birth of a new market opportunity, while the end of the curve represents the death, or obsolescence of the product, service, or technology in the market. — Soren Kaplan", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Quote", "slug": "quote", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-f8fb-751e-8bc6-d58e2d59562a", "version": 1, "description": "Pull quote or testimonial." }, "tool": { "name": "Authority citation", "slug": "authority-citation", "status": "active", "bestFor": null, "canonId": "019dd9e1-49ae-7557-89ad-3fca70469b45", "version": 1, "bodyDocId": null, "description": "Quoting an authority figure, study, or precedent to lend weight.", "familyLabel": null }, "subkind": null, "framework": null }, "subkind": null, "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-04-24 14:44:18+00", "model": "or:google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "019dd952-0494-7113-8aa8-e53fc4d11d66", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.025, "w": 0.792, "x": 0.104, "y": 0.435 }, "kind": "source-note", "text": "Source: Clayton M. 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Innovation changes the level and shape of what economists call the \"production possibilities frontier\" (PPF).", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "5f2affc0-941d-4d07-959d-4bfc1930cea4", "version": 1, "description": "Single prose block in the body of a slide." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fb80-75af-aa5c-a7a4bfac2433", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "paragraph", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 18:24:41.578+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "97e3b14f-2bb5-49ab-8a4f-2fcd272668a3", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.15, "w": 0.8, "x": 0.1, "y": 0.15 }, "kind": "paragraph", "text": "S-curves have a couple implications for our analysis. First, if the metaverse is successful, we can be reasonably certain that it will follow an S-shaped curve of innovation and adoption.", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "5f2affc0-941d-4d07-959d-4bfc1930cea4", "version": 1, "description": "Single prose block in the body of a slide." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fb80-75af-aa5c-a7a4bfac2433", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "paragraph", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 18:24:41.578+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "a12c21a5-3db9-4906-a944-71178645b2e9", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.08, "w": 0.8, "x": 0.1, "y": 0.38 }, "kind": "paragraph", "text": "Having discussed theories of the diffusion and adoption of new technologies, we now turn to understanding the potential economic impacts of successful technological innovations.", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "5f2affc0-941d-4d07-959d-4bfc1930cea4", "version": 1, "description": "Single prose block in the body of a slide." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fb80-75af-aa5c-a7a4bfac2433", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "paragraph", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 18:24:41.578+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "c222995f-9297-486d-9839-de7b45a7d8ce", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": null, "kind": "quote", "text": "I see the present as the 1930s, the turning point of the IT surge. We have had 2 frenzies and we have not yet had a golden age. 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The metaverse is expected to drive significant incremental economic growth in remote work, health, education, and manufacturing. Advancement in technologies is already allowing manufacturing companies to create “digital twins” of manufacturing floors,59 which can reduce the use of time, energy, and raw materials.60 Manufacturing companies are also expected to use automation and simulation to design factory layouts and design components to be manufactured.61", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "5f2affc0-941d-4d07-959d-4bfc1930cea4", "version": 1, "description": "Single prose block in the body of a slide." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fb80-75af-aa5c-a7a4bfac2433", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "paragraph", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 18:24:42.476+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "344ca79b-e948-4ae5-85b7-35c32b3ba584", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.08, "w": 0.8, "x": 0.1, "y": 0.72 }, "kind": "paragraph", "text": "Some of the most successful technological innovations of the 19th and 20th centuries include the steam engine, radio and television, personal computers, wireless Internet technology, and mobile technology, among others. We briefly discuss some of the impacts of these breakthrough technologies before turning in Section III to an in-depth analysis of mobile technology as a useful analogue—for now at least—for the metaverse.", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "5f2affc0-941d-4d07-959d-4bfc1930cea4", "version": 1, "description": "Single prose block in the body of a slide." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fb80-75af-aa5c-a7a4bfac2433", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "paragraph", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 18:24:42.476+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "c33226c2-30a7-4fae-aaa2-b40e29008b2a", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.15, "w": 0.8, "x": 0.1, "y": 0.43 }, "kind": "paragraph", "text": "Catalytic effects. Finally, similar to how computers, mobile phones, and the Internet have had wide-reaching effects on businesses and consumers that were impossible to predict with any precision, the metaverse could have “catalytic” effects on the economy, accelerating growth and productivity and creating impact that extends well beyond the businesses and industries directly involved with the infrastructure and early adoption of the metaverse, becoming integrated with traditional businesses, creating new jobs, and affecting consumers in new ways. We can see glimpses of this in novel uses of AR/VR in bias training, mental health treatment, and inclusive sports.", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "5f2affc0-941d-4d07-959d-4bfc1930cea4", "version": 1, "description": "Single prose block in the body of a slide." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fb80-75af-aa5c-a7a4bfac2433", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "paragraph", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 18:24:42.476+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "ed576553-6e0e-4884-bce9-e61adaee987b", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": null, "kind": "quote", "text": "video games in a way have been building what people are now defining as the metaverse for many, many years. - Phil Spencer, CEO of Microsoft Gaming", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Quote", "slug": "quote", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-f8fb-751e-8bc6-d58e2d59562a", "version": 1, "description": "Pull quote or testimonial." }, "tool": { "name": "Authority citation", "slug": "authority-citation", "status": "active", "bestFor": null, "canonId": "019dd9e1-49ae-7557-89ad-3fca70469b45", "version": 1, "bodyDocId": null, "description": "Quoting an authority figure, study, or precedent to lend weight.", "familyLabel": null }, "subkind": null, "framework": null }, "subkind": null, "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-04-24 14:44:17+00", "model": "or:google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "019dd952-0494-7113-8aa8-bdf55c7a88dd", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.12, "w": 0.8, "x": 0.1, "y": 0.82 }, "kind": "source-note", "text": "57-61 Footnotes detailing sources for the data and quotes provided in the text.", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Source note", "slug": "source-note", "status": "active", "canonId": "23484952-494b-4a5e-b1ad-550d0d70e948", "version": 1, "description": "Attribution / source / caveat placed at the slide footer. 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In the second half of the 20th century, innovations in semiconductor technology enabled the widespread adoption of personal computers... 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A series of studies conducted by the industry organization GSMA found that the \"mobile economy\" contributed approximately $2.4 trillion (3.6%) to global GDP in 2013, $3.9 trillion (4.6%) to global GDP in 2018, and $4.4 trillion (5.1%) to global GDP in 2020.", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "5f2affc0-941d-4d07-959d-4bfc1930cea4", "version": 1, "description": "Single prose block in the body of a slide." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fb80-75af-aa5c-a7a4bfac2433", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "paragraph", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 18:24:42.956+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "b32cd619-7fdc-40de-b1c3-9e36f4ddd118", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.15, "w": 0.8, "x": 0.1, "y": 0.75 }, "kind": "source-note", "text": "87 The Global Herald, \"Metaverse: How Roblox-Inspired Companies Are Bringing the Internet to Life,\" August 11, 2021... 88 GSMA includes direct contributions from mobile operators...", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Source note", "slug": "source-note", "status": "active", "canonId": "23484952-494b-4a5e-b1ad-550d0d70e948", "version": 1, "description": "Attribution / source / caveat placed at the slide footer. 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One group of studies uses macro-level panel data such as from the International Monetary Fund or the World Bank...", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "5f2affc0-941d-4d07-959d-4bfc1930cea4", "version": 1, "description": "Single prose block in the body of a slide." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fb80-75af-aa5c-a7a4bfac2433", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "paragraph", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 18:24:42.114+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "10d6623c-07e3-407e-9103-723b7430eb90", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.05, "w": 0.79, "x": 0.105, "y": 0.378 }, "kind": "paragraph", "text": "In this section, we build off the existing literature and accepted econometric methods to develop an empirical approach to estimate the impact of mobile technology adoption on GDP growth.", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "5f2affc0-941d-4d07-959d-4bfc1930cea4", "version": 1, "description": "Single prose block in the body of a slide." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fb80-75af-aa5c-a7a4bfac2433", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "paragraph", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 18:24:42.114+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "7f63084c-8dd6-4133-a734-1904d717ff8a", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.07, "w": 0.79, "x": 0.105, "y": 0.443 }, "kind": "paragraph", "text": "Our goal is to utilize a parsimonious approach that is simple and flexible enough to be applied broadly across different regions and that uses data that are readily available for most, if not all, countries around the world.", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "5f2affc0-941d-4d07-959d-4bfc1930cea4", "version": 1, "description": "Single prose block in the body of a slide." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fb80-75af-aa5c-a7a4bfac2433", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "paragraph", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 18:24:42.114+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "ef176e6e-7288-4abf-89e8-b05b50845e45", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.15, "w": 0.79, "x": 0.105, "y": 0.713 }, "kind": "source-note", "text": "102, 103, 104: Detailed citations and explanatory notes regarding mobile technology impact studies.", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Source note", "slug": "source-note", "status": "active", "canonId": "23484952-494b-4a5e-b1ad-550d0d70e948", "version": 1, "description": "Attribution / source / caveat placed at the slide footer. 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The equation is as follows:", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "5f2affc0-941d-4d07-959d-4bfc1930cea4", "version": 1, "description": "Single prose block in the body of a slide." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fb80-75af-aa5c-a7a4bfac2433", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "paragraph", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 18:24:42.587+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "0c6ac791-1ec6-46b6-b946-9530674ab86f", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.03, "w": 0.73, "x": 0.135, "y": 0.6 }, "kind": "paragraph", "text": "Rearranging the lag of GDP per capita, we can estimate the following equation using ordinary least squares (OLS):", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "5f2affc0-941d-4d07-959d-4bfc1930cea4", "version": 1, "description": "Single prose block in the body of a slide." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fb80-75af-aa5c-a7a4bfac2433", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "paragraph", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 18:24:42.587+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "2dfa7eec-453c-4c02-b262-7e2e13e5f824", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.02, "w": 0.12, "x": 0.44, "y": 0.43 }, "kind": "paragraph", "text": "vi,t = ηi + εi,t", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "5f2affc0-941d-4d07-959d-4bfc1930cea4", "version": 1, "description": "Single prose block in the body of a slide." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fb80-75af-aa5c-a7a4bfac2433", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "paragraph", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 18:24:42.587+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "2f163c8d-b141-46f1-a2ea-b9ea6545e794", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.15, "w": 0.73, "x": 0.135, "y": 0.46 }, "kind": "paragraph", "text": "where GDPpci,t is GDP per capita in country i and year t, and mobile BBi,t is the number of mobile broadband subscriptions per 100 people in country i and year t. Following the economic growth literature, we control for other country-level variables that can impact GDP growth. Xi,t includes the following control variables: the number of fixed broadband subscriptions per 100 people, the number of patent applications per capita, secondary school enrollment, the fertility rate, government expenditure as a percent of GDP, and gross capital formation as a percent of GDP. Finally, ηi is a country fixed effect, and εi,t are idiosyncratic errors. 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Bank, which reveals a monotonic relationship between income groups and mobile broadband adoption.", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "5f2affc0-941d-4d07-959d-4bfc1930cea4", "version": 1, "description": "Single prose block in the body of a slide." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fb80-75af-aa5c-a7a4bfac2433", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "paragraph", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 18:24:43.892+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "6438e6d5-5d24-4a2b-8807-f4a7616cbe70", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.1, "w": 0.8, "x": 0.1, "y": 0.1 }, "kind": "paragraph", "text": "Figure 11 shows how mobile broadband adoption grew from 2007-2019 for each 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An adoption level of 50 mobile broadband subscriptions per 100 people is shown in red as a point of reference.", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "5f2affc0-941d-4d07-959d-4bfc1930cea4", "version": 1, "description": "Single prose block in the body of a slide." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fb80-75af-aa5c-a7a4bfac2433", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "paragraph", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 18:24:43.892+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "97425f50-3b73-456e-ac2f-9f739aa3cdbd", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.04, "w": 0.3, "x": 0.1, "y": 0.74 }, "kind": "source-note", "text": "Sources: [1] World Bank. 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Figure 13 reports our main regression results...", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "5f2affc0-941d-4d07-959d-4bfc1930cea4", "version": 1, "description": "Single prose block in the body of a slide." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fb80-75af-aa5c-a7a4bfac2433", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "paragraph", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 18:24:44.451+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "a98d4942-e05f-4419-8937-cf425eff6e6f", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.05, "w": 0.8, "x": 0.1, "y": 0.575 }, "kind": "paragraph", "text": "While the rest of our analysis focuses on global and regional results, these patterns indicate that to the extent different countries within a geographical region fall into different development groups, there may be significant heterogeneity in adoption and economic outcomes at the individual country level.", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "5f2affc0-941d-4d07-959d-4bfc1930cea4", "version": 1, "description": "Single prose block in the body of a slide." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fb80-75af-aa5c-a7a4bfac2433", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "paragraph", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 18:24:44.451+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "b1ed7152-34f5-4347-9153-a97322265ff6", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.01, "w": 0.58, "x": 0.21, "y": 0.108 }, "kind": "title", "text": "Figure 12. 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Column (1) repeats the baseline model results from column (3) of Figure 13 for reference. Column (2) reports results that instrument log GDP per capita with only its second lags instead of both second and third lags, which reduces the number of instruments to 52. The coefficient on mobile broadband adoption is similar to the baseline case, but the Hansen test p-value is only 0.0301, which indicates that the model may be mis-specified without the third lags of GDP per capita as instruments. Column (3) reports results for a specification in which mobile broadband adoption, fixed broadband adoption, and patent application are instrumented with their third lags instead of second lags. The coefficient on mobile broadband adoption is smaller in magnitude and not statistically significant in this specification.", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "5f2affc0-941d-4d07-959d-4bfc1930cea4", "version": 1, "description": "Single prose block in the body of a slide." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fb80-75af-aa5c-a7a4bfac2433", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "paragraph", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 18:24:44.188+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "36ca8f1f-78a7-4e6a-907f-2a098752ee63", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.06, "w": 0.8, "x": 0.105, "y": 0.205 }, "kind": "paragraph", "text": "To check that the lags we have chosen form an appropriate set of instruments, we ran two alternative specifications with different lags as instruments. 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[2] Years of adoption is the number of years of available adoption data. [3] Compound annual growth rate is calculated as [D] = ([B] ÷ [A]) ^ (1 ÷ ([C]–1)) – 1.", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Disclaimer", "slug": "disclaimer", "status": "active", "canonId": "91173477-d91f-4024-bbaf-d4f93e3f82dc", "version": 1, "description": "Legal/cautionary text that occupies most of the body of its slide." }, "tool": null, "subkind": null, "framework": null }, "subkind": null, "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 18:24:45.003+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "fb669104-cb9d-42fd-bc3a-6af6fab53eda", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": null, "kind": "metric", "text": "Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR): 23.3%", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Metric", "slug": "metric", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-f923-73bf-8081-d0b1a8c5264d", "version": 1, "description": "Big-number or KPI value." }, "tool": { "name": "Quantification", "slug": "quantification", "status": "active", "bestFor": null, "canonId": "019dd9e1-47ab-72ce-a079-aab1f5299e88", "version": 1, "bodyDocId": null, "description": "Translating a claim into numbers, charts, or tables.", "familyLabel": null }, "subkind": null, "framework": null }, "subkind": "primary", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-04-24 14:44:20+00", "model": "or:google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "019dd952-0494-7113-8aaa-57347705cfec", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.03, "w": 0.74, "x": 0.13, "y": 0.14 }, "kind": "paragraph", "text": "We quantify the potential impact of the metaverse on GDP by applying the model of mobile technology from Section IV in two steps.", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "5f2affc0-941d-4d07-959d-4bfc1930cea4", "version": 1, "description": "Single prose block in the body of a slide." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fb80-75af-aa5c-a7a4bfac2433", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "paragraph", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 18:24:45.003+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "af042ced-53af-4e7e-89d0-f6755ce5d389", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.06, "w": 0.74, "x": 0.13, "y": 0.695 }, "kind": "paragraph", "text": "Second, we calculate the contribution of the metaverse to GDP in the 10 years following the beginning of adoption, assuming that a small increase in metaverse adoption has the same marginal impact on GDP growth as a small increase in mobile broadband adoption.", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "5f2affc0-941d-4d07-959d-4bfc1930cea4", "version": 1, "description": "Single prose block in the body of a slide." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fb80-75af-aa5c-a7a4bfac2433", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "paragraph", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 18:24:45.003+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "c9adb55d-92f1-4bde-b1b1-3ee6371ba168", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.05, "w": 0.74, "x": 0.13, "y": 0.86 }, "kind": "source-note", "text": "119 The ITU mobile broadband data for Canada begins in 2010. Considering Canada and the United States most likely started using mobile broadband around the same time in 2007, the calculated CAGR for Canada of 12.2% would be an underestimate.", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Source note", "slug": "source-note", "status": "active", "canonId": "23484952-494b-4a5e-b1ad-550d0d70e948", "version": 1, "description": "Attribution / source / caveat placed at the slide footer. Numbered footnotes use attrs.numbered." }, "tool": null, "subkind": null, "framework": null }, "subkind": null, "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 18:24:45.003+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "a6c3ba7c-a048-4150-a769-af71ce69fd23", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.25, "w": 0.5, "x": 0.25, "y": 0.325 }, "kind": "table", "text": "Figure 15. Mobile Technology Adoption by Region, 2007–2019", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Table", "slug": "table", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-f9c8-7148-8119-eaac9594cd28", "version": 1, "description": "Tabular data layout." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Data table", "slug": "data", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52d-02d5-75b8-8abf-88e92bf63569", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "data", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 18:24:45.003+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "27b7cd4a-9c86-4540-9859-b33487af17a4", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.02, "w": 0.74, "x": 0.13, "y": 0.112 }, "kind": "title", "text": "A. 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"text": "Our model implies that the metaverse's share of global GDP in the 10th year is 2.8%.", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Callout", "slug": "callout", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-f8d3-761a-8953-7d37080de5e2", "version": 1, "description": "Highlighted callout box." }, "tool": { "name": "Visual emphasis", "slug": "visual-emphasis", "status": "active", "bestFor": null, "canonId": "019dd9e1-474b-736b-a8eb-a794dd88241c", "version": 1, "bodyDocId": null, "description": "Drawing the eye to one element above the rest of the slide.", "familyLabel": null }, "subkind": null, "framework": null }, "subkind": null, "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-04-24 14:44:20+00", "model": "or:google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "019dd952-0494-7113-8aaa-1b1739d984f2", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": null, "kind": "metric", "text": "GDP contribution", "attrs": null, 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"attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "5f2affc0-941d-4d07-959d-4bfc1930cea4", "version": 1, "description": "Single prose block in the body of a slide." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fb80-75af-aa5c-a7a4bfac2433", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "paragraph", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 18:24:43.376+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "d8e04cf4-46a4-46ed-83d5-511f6848cf1b", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.5, "w": 0.8, "x": 0.1, "y": 0.11 }, "kind": "paragraph", "text": "Mathematical derivation of metaverse GDP impact using CAGR of adoption and regression coefficients, followed by regional impact results.", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { 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[2] The implied increase in GDP as a share of 10th year GDP is calculated from equation 2... [3] The total contribution to GDP in 2031...", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Disclaimer", "slug": "disclaimer", "status": "active", "canonId": "91173477-d91f-4024-bbaf-d4f93e3f82dc", "version": 1, "description": "Legal/cautionary text that occupies most of the body of its slide." }, "tool": null, "subkind": null, "framework": null }, "subkind": null, "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 18:24:47.855+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "99084f9d-30e1-4bdb-a41c-edb9bcfb6485", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": null, "kind": "metric", "text": "Contribution to GDP: $3.01 trillion", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Metric", "slug": "metric", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-f923-73bf-8081-d0b1a8c5264d", "version": 1, "description": "Big-number or KPI value." }, "tool": { "name": "Quantification", "slug": "quantification", "status": "active", "bestFor": null, "canonId": "019dd9e1-47ab-72ce-a079-aab1f5299e88", "version": 1, "bodyDocId": null, "description": "Translating a claim into numbers, charts, or tables.", "familyLabel": null }, "subkind": null, "framework": null }, "subkind": "primary", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-04-24 14:44:21+00", "model": "or:google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "019dd952-0494-7113-8aaa-fd4c6ced841b", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.08, "w": 0.8, "x": 0.1, "y": 0.46 }, "kind": "paragraph", "text": "We can contextualize our results against existing projections of the economic potential of the metaverse by assuming that the metaverse existed today and calculating the contribution to GDP after 10 years in dollars.", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "5f2affc0-941d-4d07-959d-4bfc1930cea4", "version": 1, "description": "Single prose block in the body of a slide." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fb80-75af-aa5c-a7a4bfac2433", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "paragraph", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 18:24:47.855+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "f4ac6969-0e38-4c21-bca9-8466566ebc6e", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.22, "w": 0.44, "x": 0.28, "y": 0.14 }, "kind": "table", "text": "Region, Assumed Secular GDP Growth [E], Metaverse's Share of 10th Year GDP [F], Metaverse's Total Contribution to GDP in 2031 ($ Trillions) [G]", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Table", "slug": "table", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-f9c8-7148-8119-eaac9594cd28", "version": 1, "description": "Tabular data layout." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Data table", "slug": "data", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52d-02d5-75b8-8abf-88e92bf63569", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "data", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 18:24:47.855+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "6036b626-3c20-4a9a-8f06-3040067885e2", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.02, "w": 0.5, "x": 0.25, "y": 0.11 }, "kind": "title", "text": "Figure 16. 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The adoption rate of VR headsets is expected to depend on price, ease of use, proliferation of apps, and user experience in the virtual environment.136 Early users of VR hardware have complained about the headsets being hot, uncomfortable, having subpar battery life, and being difficult to operate with eyeglasses, and it is unclear how much time per day users will be willing to wear VR headsets.", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "5f2affc0-941d-4d07-959d-4bfc1930cea4", "version": 1, "description": "Single prose block in the body of a slide." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fb80-75af-aa5c-a7a4bfac2433", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "paragraph", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 18:24:45.738+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "206daadc-6cb9-425b-a66c-f7f4b22ec662", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.2, "w": 0.8, "x": 0.1, "y": 0.52 }, "kind": "paragraph", "text": "Other factors. Metaverse adoption may also face country- or regional-specific challenges in the form of governing bodies' policy or regulatory objectives. In 2021, the AR/VR Policy Conference organized by The Information Technology and Innovation Foundation (ITIF), and The XR Association hosted expert talks and panels on \"explor[ing] the role of policy in AR/VR innovation and identify[ing] priority areas for policymakers to consider as these technologies continue to expand.\"140 A main takeaway from the conference was that data supervision and management—including establishing digital safety and personal privacy standards from the outset—is a key policy concern for AR/VR, given the substantial volume of information about individuals and their environment required to deliver immersive, engaging experiences.141", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "5f2affc0-941d-4d07-959d-4bfc1930cea4", "version": 1, "description": "Single prose block in the body of a slide." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fb80-75af-aa5c-a7a4bfac2433", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "paragraph", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 18:24:45.738+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "5358b8df-4cc8-43fe-88f6-e6ec9172abe5", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.2, "w": 0.8, "x": 0.1, "y": 0.72 }, "kind": "paragraph", "text": "For example, the European Union is in the process of finalizing digital competition and content moderation laws (the Digital Markets Act (DMA) and Digital Services Act (DSA)) that would require digital platforms to better support digital competition and regulate the content on their platforms to prevent the spread of harmful and/or illegal content and products. Specifically, these laws require platforms to disclose more information to their users. For example, social media platforms would need to tell users if the visibility of certain content was restricted, and e-commerce platforms would need to invest more resources into vendor identity verification to curb sales of illegal or harmful products. 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Some have emphasized the importance of safeguarding children's physical and emotional wellbeing,", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "5f2affc0-941d-4d07-959d-4bfc1930cea4", "version": 1, "description": "Single prose block in the body of a slide." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fb80-75af-aa5c-a7a4bfac2433", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "paragraph", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 18:24:45.738+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "6ef0ae52-bcf1-413d-8fc3-138fb466056f", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.2, "w": 0.8, "x": 0.1, "y": 0.25 }, "kind": "paragraph", "text": "Software and operating systems for VR headsets are expected to remain one of the biggest challenges influencing adoption and retention. Current users of smartphones and personal computers are used to typing information on a screen, which in VR is replaced by a 40-inch virtual floating keyboard.137 Fundamental functions such as messaging, searching, moving files are currently multistep processes that confuse even the most technically advanced users.138 Moreover, it takes time, and with a two-hour battery life limit, the VR experience can become frustrating for users unless software and operating systems quickly develop and address these challenges.139", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "5f2affc0-941d-4d07-959d-4bfc1930cea4", "version": 1, "description": "Single prose block in the body of a slide." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fb80-75af-aa5c-a7a4bfac2433", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "paragraph", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 18:24:45.738+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "884ce196-a8e7-4455-8297-e28097305c44", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.05, "w": 0.8, "x": 0.1, "y": 0.45 }, "kind": "paragraph", "text": "Developing a seamless user experience for the metaverse is expected to take time and is anticipated to materialize in phases, as more individual and business users adopt the technology.", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "5f2affc0-941d-4d07-959d-4bfc1930cea4", "version": 1, "description": "Single prose block in the body of a slide." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fb80-75af-aa5c-a7a4bfac2433", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "paragraph", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 18:24:45.738+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "ecb17089-21eb-4cbf-80f6-79f3ccbc2821", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.04, "w": 0.8, "x": 0.1, "y": 0.96 }, "kind": "source-note", "text": "136-142 Footnotes list", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Source note", "slug": "source-note", "status": "active", "canonId": "23484952-494b-4a5e-b1ad-550d0d70e948", "version": 1, "description": "Attribution / source / caveat placed at the slide footer. 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other dimensions in both developed and developing countries.", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "5f2affc0-941d-4d07-959d-4bfc1930cea4", "version": 1, "description": "Single prose block in the body of a slide." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fb80-75af-aa5c-a7a4bfac2433", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "paragraph", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 18:24:46.087+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "252cc891-7c64-41fb-b1eb-f0b7dbd9049c", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.115, "w": 0.792, "x": 0.104, "y": 0.542 }, "kind": "paragraph", "text": "Current public commentary about the metaverse indicates that many pieces still need to come together to make the metaverse a reality and that businesses, consumers, creators, and policymakers will together contribute to its success. With successful development and deployment of infrastructure and other technologies, policies that support widespread and equitable distribution and uses of the metaverse, and endless creative innovations built on top of the foundational technology, the metaverse can be expected to have substantial beneficial economic impacts around the world.", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "5f2affc0-941d-4d07-959d-4bfc1930cea4", "version": 1, "description": "Single prose block in the body of a slide." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fb80-75af-aa5c-a7a4bfac2433", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "paragraph", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 18:24:46.087+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "6919f059-c4e8-40c4-8693-0732aa19a5f6", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.215, "w": 0.792, "x": 0.104, "y": 0.412 }, "kind": "paragraph", "text": "Our empirical analysis provides an aggregate measure of the metaverse's total potential contribution to GDP over a medium-term time horizon—suggesting that if the metaverse were to be adopted and grow in a similar way as mobile technology, then we would expect it to be associated with a 2.8% contribution to global GDP after 10 years. However, the impacts of the metaverse are likely to be felt differently in different sectors of the economy, in different regions, at different points in time, and for different people. And over time, if the metaverse is successful, it will likely displace some existing technologies and industries, as prior technologies have done before. A direction for future research is to quantify these heterogeneous impacts and measure the potential displacement of industries and restructuring of local economies that may accompany the growth of the metaverse.", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "5f2affc0-941d-4d07-959d-4bfc1930cea4", "version": 1, "description": "Single prose block in the body of a slide." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fb80-75af-aa5c-a7a4bfac2433", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "paragraph", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 18:24:46.087+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "ce1b3466-6e52-4e43-b841-084626e4969c", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.05, "w": 0.792, "x": 0.104, "y": 0.855 }, "kind": "source-note", "text": "143 AR/VR Policy Conference. 144 Roblox Q2 2021 Earnings Call, p. 10... 145 Roblox Q2 2021 Earnings Call.", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Source note", "slug": "source-note", "status": "active", "canonId": "23484952-494b-4a5e-b1ad-550d0d70e948", "version": 1, "description": "Attribution / source / caveat placed at the slide footer. 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Since 1981, Analysis Group has provided expertise in economics, finance, health care analytics, and strategy to top law firms, Fortune Global 500 companies, and government agencies worldwide.", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "5f2affc0-941d-4d07-959d-4bfc1930cea4", "version": 1, "description": "Single prose block in the body of a slide." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fb80-75af-aa5c-a7a4bfac2433", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "paragraph", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 18:24:46.23+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "77e79ec5-6233-4db4-bd63-f7eb2be9c9d7", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.155, "w": 0.605, "x": 0.29, "y": 0.351 }, "kind": "paragraph", "text": "Alex Robinson, Ph.D., is a manager at Analysis Group in the Boston office. Dr. Robinson specializes in the application of microeconomics, econometrics, and statistics to the analysis of antitrust issues and complex business disputes in a broad range of industries, including health care, pharmaceuticals, and consumer and industrial goods. She has supported numerous experts in the analysis of horizontal and vertical merger transactions and on issues related to intellectual property and commercial litigation matters.", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "5f2affc0-941d-4d07-959d-4bfc1930cea4", "version": 1, "description": "Single prose block in the body of a slide." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fb80-75af-aa5c-a7a4bfac2433", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "paragraph", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 18:24:46.23+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "c94e836e-f0a8-415e-8f1c-e7ee0245a889", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.155, "w": 0.605, "x": 0.29, "y": 0.192 }, "kind": "paragraph", "text": "Lau Christensen is a managing principal at Analysis Group in the Denver office. Over the past 25 years, Mr. Christensen has conducted economic analysis in a broad range of areas, including major finance, tax, and antitrust litigations, as well as media and entertainment licensing matters. Mr. Christensen frequently collaborates with world-renowned experts to combine cutting edge techniques with the business realities faced by his clients. His work has included numerous engagements in the media and technology space, including the preparation of impact studies related to technology and innovation.", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "5f2affc0-941d-4d07-959d-4bfc1930cea4", "version": 1, "description": "Single prose block in the body of a slide." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fb80-75af-aa5c-a7a4bfac2433", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "paragraph", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 18:24:46.23+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "e09494da-da85-47e0-9fac-5f1e0d87652c", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.018, "w": 0.135, "x": 0.105, "y": 0.112 }, "kind": "title", "text": "About the Authors", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Title", "slug": "title", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-f7dd-76d9-b848-b1f12bd85cf4", "version": 1, "description": "Slide title or headline." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Headline", "slug": "headline", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fae1-7463-9a7c-d60668eced0d", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "headline", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 18:24:46.23+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "44ba8642-19df-4902-87da-1e6fb0ee91e2", "parentComponentId": null } ], "metrics": [], "tools": [], "frameworks": [], "arcBeats": [], "loops": [], "locked": true } ], "arcBeats": [ { "from": 4, "to": 5, "label": "Situation & Context", "description": "Provides an overview of the metaverse's potential economic impact" }, { "from": 7, "to": 40, "label": "Evidence & Proof", "description": "Presents data and analysis to support the economic impact assessment" }, { "from": 41, "to": 45, "label": "Solution & Approach", "description": "Offers strategic recommendations for accelerating economic impact" } ], "loops": [ { "from": 4, "to": 40, "label": "Logic Chain", "description": "Understand the metaverse's economic impact" } ] }