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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY\n2. INTRODUCTION: WHY ARE AIRPORTS VULNERABLE TO CYBER ATTACK?\n3. OUR RESEARCH\n4. KEY TRENDS INCREASING SUSCEPTIBILITY TO CYBER ATTACK\n5. HOW DO THESE TRENDS IMPACT AIRPORT CYBER SECURITY?\n6. PRACTICAL STEPS TO OVERCOME CYBER-SECURITY CHALLENGES\n7. 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As airports aim to become truly 'smart' and 'connected', cyber security is fast becoming a critical success factor. The challenge is, how do airports increase their resistance to this unfamiliar threat? How do they prevent access and the leakage of sensitive information? Or worse, how do they prevent access to operational IT change to infrastructure and systems? And what practical steps must be taken to guarantee safety across all airports globally? In conjunction with emerging cyber-security guidance for airports, this report outlines best practice for ensuring that cyber-security threats are adequately identified and mitigated. It also sets out how to identify the leadership and governance structures, enterprise-wide risk management approaches and process, and cultural attributes of a cyber-secure airport.", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "5f2affc0-941d-4d07-959d-4bfc1930cea4", "version": 1, "description": "Single prose block in the body of a slide." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fb80-75af-aa5c-a7a4bfac2433", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "paragraph", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 19:13:32.901+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "95ad90d5-722e-44fe-9f68-b68fa561041c", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.25, "w": 0.38, "x": 0.08, "y": 0.51 }, "kind": "paragraph", "text": "Airports have long been targets for those seeking to cause high-profile disruption and damage, meaning airport operators have evolved to manage a complex environment of physical security challenges. However, this maturity is not reflected in airports' current approaches to achieving cyber security. While there is a growing recognition of the importance of managing and mitigating cyber risks, operators have a long way to go to develop better protection. Although total prevention will never be possible, cyber attacks are not an airport-specific threat and there are opportunities to learn from aviation and other sectors. However, the current rate of progress by airports in overcoming the challenges of cyber security means that people, digital assets, IT infrastructure and governance models could be increasing the risk of attack.", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "5f2affc0-941d-4d07-959d-4bfc1930cea4", "version": 1, "description": "Single prose block in the body of a slide." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fb80-75af-aa5c-a7a4bfac2433", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "paragraph", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 19:13:32.901+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "9ba74ec5-3f18-4f09-8fdc-914f498b83e7", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.05, "w": 0.38, "x": 0.08, "y": 0.35 }, "kind": "paragraph", "text": "Cyber-security risks will only become more significant until airports develop a holistic approach to tackling them.", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "5f2affc0-941d-4d07-959d-4bfc1930cea4", "version": 1, "description": "Single prose block in the body of a slide." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fb80-75af-aa5c-a7a4bfac2433", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "paragraph", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 19:13:32.901+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "ae708be5-6d2c-4b66-b6e6-3a7e72958450", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.12, "w": 0.38, "x": 0.08, "y": 0.22 }, "kind": "paragraph", "text": "Current digitalisation trends present a new challenge to airports: cyber security. With the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) stating that an average of 1,000 attacks occur per month on aviation systems, there is a real and current global threat to airport safety, security and reputation.", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "5f2affc0-941d-4d07-959d-4bfc1930cea4", "version": 1, "description": "Single prose block in the body of a slide." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fb80-75af-aa5c-a7a4bfac2433", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "paragraph", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 19:13:32.901+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "edefc425-6092-4a7f-b6cf-c815f2b5094e", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.02, "w": 0.15, "x": 0.08, "y": 0.97 }, "kind": "source-note", "text": "© PA Knowledge Ltd | April 2018", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Source note", "slug": "source-note", "status": "active", "canonId": "23484952-494b-4a5e-b1ad-550d0d70e948", "version": 1, "description": "Attribution / source / caveat placed at the slide footer. 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For example, Ethernet and TCP/IP enable the provision of new types of systems and services. These two domains are still being treated separately, with the responsibility typically sitting with different functions in the business. Systems and services should be viewed on an IT/OT range and managed accordingly to mitigate the cyber-security risks that could affect their normal operation.", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "5f2affc0-941d-4d07-959d-4bfc1930cea4", "version": 1, "description": "Single prose block in the body of a slide." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fb80-75af-aa5c-a7a4bfac2433", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "paragraph", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 19:13:35.341+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "55dea3be-25ae-4f1a-8c15-cfdde07bb8bc", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.21, "w": 0.42, "x": 0.52, "y": 0.69 }, "kind": "paragraph", "text": "OT is typically seen as the responsibility of operations where the safety and availability of systems and services are key. IT is viewed in the traditional sense of information management, where importance is placed on the confidentiality and integrity of data used by systems and services. As the ultimate responsibility sits with different roles, only by working together can there be effective oversight of cyber-security risks across the airport. In some, but not all, of the airports interviewed, the responsibility of both IT and OT security lay with the same individual, which may help provide a more balanced view of the cyber risks. 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For example, in the summer months, airports typically have a greater number of daily passengers, which can increase the threat and impact of a cyber security-related incident. During these busy periods, there are greater pressures to maintain and even extend the availability of airport systems and services, leading to reduced maintenance windows. This compound effect of increased threat and reduced maintenance windows results in airports operating at increased levels of risk. 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