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contributing to a country's competitiveness and constitutes the second pillar in the World Economic Forum's annual Global Competitiveness Index. Correspondingly, for companies and particularly international businesses, the state of critical infrastructure in the country of operation features prominently in their strategic considerations.", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "5f2affc0-941d-4d07-959d-4bfc1930cea4", "version": 1, "description": "Single prose block in the body of a slide." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fb80-75af-aa5c-a7a4bfac2433", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "paragraph", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 19:13:52.548+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "1ff5a17e-b991-415b-a480-1e68178eb2c8", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.12, "w": 0.35, "x": 0.51, "y": 0.07 }, "kind": "paragraph", "text": "International businesses looking to set up operations in countries with less developed infrastructure must weigh between the potential trade-off from accessing these economies and the risks of disruption due to infrastructure failure or shortfall. Domestic companies in these countries, too, will have to factor inadequate infrastructure in their business development and risk management plans.", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "5f2affc0-941d-4d07-959d-4bfc1930cea4", "version": 1, "description": "Single prose block in the body of a slide." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fb80-75af-aa5c-a7a4bfac2433", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "paragraph", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 19:13:52.548+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "21490c54-d057-4f31-8f51-8c487e55478d", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.25, "w": 0.35, "x": 0.51, "y": 0.3 }, "kind": "paragraph", "text": "In the short- to medium-term, the current infrastructure investment wave led by Asia-Pacific governments also presents ample opportunities for businesses and other stakeholders to take an active part in infrastructure development. Apart from public-private partnership (PPP) ventures, governments in the region are also implementing other programs to attract private capital into infrastructure, such as asset recycling, notably in the case of Australia. Public assets are privatized (sold or leased out long-term), with the proceeds reinvested in new infrastructure. 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Here, the focus is on critical strategic decisions, such as where to locate a company's manufacturing center, or whether a company should take an active part in the development of infrastructure in the region to help close the infrastructure gap. Simultaneously, businesses will also have to consider the impact of critical infrastructure failure or shortfall at an operational level. This entails employing risk mitigation strategies such as risk transference through insurance, employing business continuity management solutions, and wider restructuring of their operations to bolster resilience.", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "5f2affc0-941d-4d07-959d-4bfc1930cea4", "version": 1, "description": "Single prose block in the body of a slide." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fb80-75af-aa5c-a7a4bfac2433", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "paragraph", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 19:13:52.548+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "46497e09-c95b-4c53-8299-ff32dc58e185", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.08, "w": 0.35, "x": 0.146, "y": 0.14 }, "kind": "paragraph", "text": "Given the far-reaching impact of critical infrastructure failure or shortfall, how can companies realistically respond to this threat, particularly because infrastructure development traditionally falls outside the purview of the private sector in Asia-Pacific?", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "5f2affc0-941d-4d07-959d-4bfc1930cea4", "version": 1, "description": "Single prose block in the body of a slide." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fb80-75af-aa5c-a7a4bfac2433", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "paragraph", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 19:13:52.548+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "5d20ae5d-3146-4c01-9217-1084f9006072", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.08, "w": 0.35, "x": 0.51, "y": 0.2 }, "kind": "paragraph", "text": "That said, governments in the region are investing heavily in infrastructure development, with some (such as China, India and Vietnam) spending a significant portion of their national budgets on this. In the long run, this will lessen the risks associated with inadequate infrastructure for companies in the region.", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "5f2affc0-941d-4d07-959d-4bfc1930cea4", "version": 1, "description": "Single prose block in the body of a slide." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fb80-75af-aa5c-a7a4bfac2433", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "paragraph", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 19:13:52.548+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "df9aa354-1e55-4a95-a4dc-a9bbfafebd90", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.02, "w": 0.7, "x": 0.146, "y": 0.87 }, "kind": "source-note", "text": "Source: \"Closing the financing gap: Infrastructure project bankability in Asia\", Marsh & McLennan Companies' Asia-Pacific Risk Center 2017", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Source note", "slug": "source-note", "status": "active", "canonId": "23484952-494b-4a5e-b1ad-550d0d70e948", "version": 1, "description": "Attribution / source / caveat placed at the slide footer. Numbered footnotes use attrs.numbered." }, "tool": null, "subkind": null, "framework": null }, "subkind": null, "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 19:13:52.548+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "2d641620-7a9a-4a6c-8f41-44bea5fa802f", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.08, "w": 0.4, "x": 0.146, "y": 0.07 }, "kind": "title", "text": "ADDRESSING CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE FAILURE OR SHORTFALL: OPERATIONAL AND STRATEGIC RESPONSES", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Title", "slug": "title", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-f7dd-76d9-b848-b1f12bd85cf4", "version": 1, "description": "Slide title or headline." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Headline", "slug": "headline", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fae1-7463-9a7c-d60668eced0d", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "headline", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 19:13:52.548+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "886af9b5-d90d-474f-ab96-2fbe71271464", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.02, "w": 0.35, "x": 0.146, "y": 0.63 }, "kind": "title", "text": "Exhibit 14: Levers of infrastructure project bankability", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Title", "slug": "title", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-f7dd-76d9-b848-b1f12bd85cf4", "version": 1, "description": "Slide title or headline." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Subtitle", "slug": "subtitle", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fb09-739d-900c-815b0d9ac526", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "subtitle", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 19:13:52.548+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "1e6c4241-8a35-438b-9b78-cd21e615f41a", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.03, "w": 0.35, "x": 0.146, "y": 0.47 }, "kind": "title", "text": "1. Factoring in Infrastructure Failure or Shortfall in Strategic Considerations", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Title", "slug": "title", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-f7dd-76d9-b848-b1f12bd85cf4", "version": 1, "description": "Slide title or headline." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Subtitle", "slug": "subtitle", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fb09-739d-900c-815b0d9ac526", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "subtitle", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 19:13:52.548+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "b9786edc-5ed1-4878-ba9a-01e29d7547b5", "parentComponentId": null } ], "metrics": [], "tools": [], "frameworks": [], "arcBeats": [], "loops": [], "locked": true }, { "page": 29, "type": "appendix", "title": "The page contains two columns of text with numbered section '2. 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APRC's recent report on closing the financing gap for infrastructure projects in Asia-Pacific identified six levers for project bankability (Exhibit 14).", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "5f2affc0-941d-4d07-959d-4bfc1930cea4", "version": 1, "description": "Single prose block in the body of a slide." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fb80-75af-aa5c-a7a4bfac2433", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "paragraph", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 19:13:53.194+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "20fcb9d0-3e24-4525-8cb8-1eadb6ea91ce", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.12, "w": 0.35, "x": 0.51, "y": 0.07 }, "kind": "paragraph", "text": "In this case, companies located in urban areas with poor drainage and sanitation may suffer the same substantial damages as those with operations located on low-lying flood plains. Solely focusing on the direct damage to companies' properties from weather events and cyber incidents can lead to second order damage due to infrastructure failure being overlooked and total damage being underestimated.", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "5f2affc0-941d-4d07-959d-4bfc1930cea4", "version": 1, "description": "Single prose block in the body of a slide." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fb80-75af-aa5c-a7a4bfac2433", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "paragraph", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 19:13:53.194+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "3e60186c-7e34-454f-90a4-43a7582d7ed1", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.22, "w": 0.35, "x": 0.51, "y": 0.43 }, "kind": "paragraph", "text": "In practice, some companies have been investing in off-grid distributed energy systems, using renewable energy to bolster operational resilience in the face of frequent outages. Major airports have been among the leaders in implementing this solution in India. For instance, in 2016, Delhi International Airport announced a plan to expand its solar power capacity from 7.8 MW to 20 MW by 2020 to reduce the electricity it draws from the grid. Elsewhere, Cochin International Airport has already achieved self-sufficiency on solar power since 2015. These successful cases provide a viable model for businesses in India and across the region.", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "5f2affc0-941d-4d07-959d-4bfc1930cea4", "version": 1, "description": "Single prose block in the body of a slide." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fb80-75af-aa5c-a7a4bfac2433", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "paragraph", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 19:13:53.194+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "4c2d58b7-eeec-4efb-8b51-a3abdc50fc6c", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.06, "w": 0.35, "x": 0.14, "y": 0.67 }, "kind": "paragraph", "text": "For example, even when a company's production lines are not affected by a climate event (such as a flood), the supply chain may still be disrupted from transport infrastructure being damaged or rendered unusable.", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "5f2affc0-941d-4d07-959d-4bfc1930cea4", "version": 1, "description": "Single prose block in the body of a slide." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fb80-75af-aa5c-a7a4bfac2433", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "paragraph", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 19:13:53.194+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "7153932d-a82f-47c9-95b5-fd129fea389d", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.12, "w": 0.35, "x": 0.14, "y": 0.19 }, "kind": "paragraph", "text": "Efforts to institutionalize these levers in Asia-Pacific are still relatively nascent. For example, findings from the World Bank's PPP Benchmark report showed that while South Asian countries are at par with the global average, countries in East Asia and the Pacific have largely fallen short in PPP preparation and procurement processes.", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "5f2affc0-941d-4d07-959d-4bfc1930cea4", "version": 1, "description": "Single prose block in the body of a slide." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fb80-75af-aa5c-a7a4bfac2433", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "paragraph", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 19:13:53.194+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "72b0944b-95e7-4d6b-ad88-c52f2e909920", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.12, "w": 0.35, "x": 0.51, "y": 0.3 }, "kind": "paragraph", "text": "An example of this latter approach is the shift from \"consumers\" to \"prosumers\" of energy. In this arrangement, organizations take an active part in the production, consumption, and management of energy (Exhibit 15). Prosumer-driven organizations also go beyond ensuring redundancy and resilience and aim to harness new technology and analytics to more efficiently use energy, saving substantial operational costs in the process.", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "5f2affc0-941d-4d07-959d-4bfc1930cea4", "version": 1, "description": "Single prose block in the body of a slide." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fb80-75af-aa5c-a7a4bfac2433", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "paragraph", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 19:13:53.194+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "9f9e35b7-e180-40eb-bafc-dca91d542306", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.04, "w": 0.35, "x": 0.51, "y": 0.66 }, "kind": "paragraph", "text": "Finally, an important consideration for companies is to insure against loss associated with critical infrastructure failure or shortfall. 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These events not only directly impact company facilities and operations which the company has control over, they can also lead to the breakdown of critical infrastructure such as outages and damaged bridges that are not under the companies' purview, but nevertheless have an impact on its operations.", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "5f2affc0-941d-4d07-959d-4bfc1930cea4", "version": 1, "description": "Single prose block in the body of a slide." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fb80-75af-aa5c-a7a4bfac2433", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "paragraph", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 19:13:53.194+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "c1569977-abbe-4084-a4b6-06fd40d493c5", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.16, "w": 0.35, "x": 0.14, "y": 0.31 }, "kind": "paragraph", "text": "Despite the fact that risks are inevitable, businesses looking to enter this space will be supported by governments' continued efforts to improve institutional frameworks as well as incentives provided for PPP projects. These opportunities are also extended to other industries that are not directly tied to infrastructure development. 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Possible solutions such as operational reengineering, or the establishment of spare capacity/backup production capabilities can also be considered as longer-term strategic responses.", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "5f2affc0-941d-4d07-959d-4bfc1930cea4", "version": 1, "description": "Single prose block in the body of a slide." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fb80-75af-aa5c-a7a4bfac2433", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "paragraph", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 19:13:53.194+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "dfbbc380-ada3-48c6-9b67-711247db442c", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.08, "w": 0.35, "x": 0.14, "y": 0.73 }, "kind": "paragraph", "text": "Where critical infrastructure is not built to be resilient against such threats, damages to businesses can be greatly exacerbated. 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The first is how technological platforms have augmented the connection between employers and candidates, enabling them to access a wider talent pool outside traditional work arrangements – such as gig-employees and crowd sourcing. In this manner, technology is indeed not just performing work, but is broadening access to it as well.", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "5f2affc0-941d-4d07-959d-4bfc1930cea4", "version": 1, "description": "Single prose block in the body of a slide." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fb80-75af-aa5c-a7a4bfac2433", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "paragraph", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 19:13:59.194+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "8ec51096-aa71-48dd-9e83-572b55a97b6f", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.135, "w": 0.355, "x": 0.54, "y": 0.371 }, "kind": "paragraph", "text": "Second, the injection of technology into work, as evidenced by the ongoing digitization of the workplace, will not only necessitate an upskilling of the workforce, but also a more comprehensive job redesign to facilitate this integration. 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As many tasks are now automatable, jobs will correspondingly need to be designed around higher-valued work, where machines are enabled to augment human decisions.", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "5f2affc0-941d-4d07-959d-4bfc1930cea4", "version": 1, "description": "Single prose block in the body of a slide." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fb80-75af-aa5c-a7a4bfac2433", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "paragraph", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 19:13:59.194+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "b4de47d9-adcc-49db-9a45-0bc8f8b1ff3f", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.155, "w": 0.355, "x": 0.145, "y": 0.112 }, "kind": "paragraph", "text": "Technological advances and their applications in work have necessitated the acquisition of new technical skills with which education systems have struggled to keep pace. 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These risks are crystalizing in Asia-Pacific, and have manifested in various forms across economies in the region with businesses already feeling the impact\n2. Megatrends in the region, notably technological advancements and increasing cyber dependency, climate change, and a rapidly aging population, will significantly complicate these risks.", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "List", "slug": "list", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-f94b-779b-a53b-fd4904a5f4d2", "version": 1, "description": "Bullet or numbered list." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Numbered list", "slug": "numbered", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fcc0-7718-a284-a4250c805df2", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "numbered", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 19:13:56.36+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "281cb907-9017-4191-8612-0bf51974de09", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.085, "w": 0.355, "x": 0.148, "y": 0.435 }, "kind": "paragraph", "text": "Third, it is important for businesses to realize that the rapid pace of change in the region – especially in the areas of geopolitics and technology – is happening against the backdrop of persisting socioeconomic and environmental vulnerabilities. This presents an extra layer of consideration for executives as they plan their businesses’ future development.", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "5f2affc0-941d-4d07-959d-4bfc1930cea4", "version": 1, "description": "Single prose block in the body of a slide." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fb80-75af-aa5c-a7a4bfac2433", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "paragraph", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 19:13:56.36+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "07e6cc0f-9172-484b-a23d-efbb24b56769", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.165, "w": 0.355, "x": 0.515, "y": 0.455 }, "kind": "paragraph", "text": "Lastly, while we have mainly examined risks through the lens of businesses in this report, much of the risk insights presented in this report is also applicable to governments and policymakers. To observe and prepare for the evolving risk landscape in the region is a crucial first step to build effective risk management and greater resilience not only at the individual company level but also on the industry and national levels. 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However, the frameworks to address new operational, security and ethical risks that arise from these advancements are not necessarily in place yet, which means businesses may need to put in place mitigation systems of their own. On the other hand, executives will also need to pay attention to changes in the regulatory landscape in anticipation of policy responses by governments to these threats.", "attrs": null, "canon": { "kind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "5f2affc0-941d-4d07-959d-4bfc1930cea4", "version": 1, "description": "Single prose block in the body of a slide." }, "tool": null, "subkind": { "name": "Paragraph", "slug": "paragraph", "status": "active", "canonId": "019de52c-fb80-75af-aa5c-a7a4bfac2433", "version": 1, "description": null }, "framework": null }, "subkind": "paragraph", "groupRole": null, "confidence": null, "extraction": { "at": "2026-05-02 19:13:56.36+00", "model": "google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview-20260303", "runId": null, "seconds": null, "promptVersion": null }, "componentId": "20ab59fa-48ac-4b03-b0c3-33dc05db2151", "parentComponentId": null }, { "bbox": { "h": 0.085, "w": 0.355, "x": 0.515, "y": 0.355 }, "kind": "paragraph", "text": "It is clear that businesses will have to react swiftly in response to these risks. To aid business leaders in this endeavor, we have suggested some directional changes companies can take as the first step towards a comprehensive response. 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Yamazaki, J. & Yasoshima, R. 'TPP 11' emerges as bulwark against American protectionism. Nikkei Report (2018)\n31. International Monetary Fund. IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2016: Subdued Demand: Symptoms and Remedies. (International Monetary Fund, 2016)\n32. Zaharia, M. How trade war with U.S. can hurt growth in China and beyond. Reuters (2018)\n33. China's supply chains: Collateral damage. The Economist 33 (2018)\n34. Japan faces significant impact from U.S.-China trade war: BOJ's Kuroda. Reuters (2018)\n35. Yap, K. Philippines Most at Risk in Asean From China-U.S. Trade War. Bloomberg.com (2018)\n36. FT Confidential Research. South-east Asia faces trade war fallout. Financial Times (FT. Com) (2018)\n37. Hlasny, V. Different Faces of Inequality across Asia: Decomposition of Income Gaps across Demographic Groups. (Asian Development Bank, 2017)\n38. Yang, Y. Rust-belt decline poses threat to chinese growth. Financial Times (FT. Com) (2018)\n39. Marsh & BMI Research. Marsh Political Risk Map 2018. Marsh Political Risk Map (2018). Available at: https://www.marsh.com/content/marsh/political-risk-map-d3/prm-2018.html. (Accessed: 3rd August 2018)\n40. Pedersen, C., Taliente, D. & Hedrich, W. Is the Golden Age for MNCs Over: How can MNCs Thrive in an Inward-looking World? (Oliver Wyman, 2018)\n41. Bley, B. & Lemahieu, H. The Global Power Balance Shifts Toward Asia. Brink – The Edge of Risk (2018)\n42. Reed, J. Cambodia's embrace of China stirs local tension. Financial Times (FT.Com) (2018)\n43. Ono, Y. Thailand plans regional infrastructure fund to reduce China dependence. Nikkei Report (2018)\n44. Murray, L. & Grigg, A. New Belt and a second Road option. The Australian Financial Review 6 (2017)\n45. Holland, T. Why China and others seem intent on building roads to nowhere. 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Exclusive: North Korea's Unit 180, the cyber warfare cell that worries the West Reuters (2017)\n56. Yang, Y. China's cyber security law rattles multinationals. Financial Times (FT. Com) (2017)\n57. Nguyen. Vietnam lawmakers approve cyber law clamping down on tech firms, dissent Reuters (2018)\n58. Foroohar, R. 'Splinternet' to herald a trade war for the ages. Financial Times (FT.Com) (2018)\n59. Srivastava, S. et al. Leave noone behind: Disaster resilience for sustainable development. (2018)\n60. Climate change 2014: impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability: Working Group II contribution to the fifth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. 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All rights reserved. This report may not be sold, reproduced or redistributed, in whole or in part, without the prior written permission of Marsh & McLennan Companies, Inc. This report and any recommendations, analysis or advice provided herein (i) are based on our experience as insurance and reinsurance brokers or as consultants, as applicable, (ii) are not intended to be taken as advice or recommendations regarding any individual situation, (iii) should not be relied upon as investment, tax, accounting, actuarial, regulatory or legal advice regarding any individual situation or as a substitute for consultation with professional consultants or accountants or with professional tax, legal, actuarial or financial advisors, and (iv) do not provide an opinion regarding the fairness of any transaction to any party. The opinions expressed herein are valid only for the purpose stated herein and as of the date hereof. 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Our research staff in Singapore draws on the resources of Marsh, Guy Carpenter, Mercer, Oliver Wyman, and leading independent research partners around the world. We gather leaders from different sectors around critical challenges to stimulate new thinking and solutions vital to Asian markets. 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